ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2022
Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- comBO: A combined human bone and lympho-myeloid bone marrow organoid for preclinical modeling of hematopoietic disorders.Cell stem cell · 2026Article
- Granular Hydrogels as Modular Biomaterials: From Structural Design to Biological Responses.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Microstructured thermo-responsive double network granular hydrogels.Materials advances · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of Confinement on the Dynamics of Normal and Tumor-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Organoids.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Cardiac Matrix-Derived Granular Hydrogel Enhances Cell Function in 3D Culture.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- Injectable Radiopaque Hyaluronic Acid Granular Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disc Repair.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Gene Delivery From Granular Scaffolds for Tunable Biologics Manufacturing.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Article
- In vitro development and optimization of cell-laden injectable bioprinted gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microgels mineralized on the nanoscale.Biomaterials advances · 2024Article
- Survival-Associated Cellular Response Maintained in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Switched Between Soft and Stiff 3D Microgel Culture.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- Design Parameters for Injectable Biopolymeric Hydrogels with Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Crosslinks.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Influence of Microgel and Interstitial Matrix Compositions on Granular Hydrogel Composite Properties.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Granular hydrogels are jammed assemblies of hydrogel microparticles (i.e., "microgels"). In the field of biomaterials, granular hydrogels have many advantageous properties, including injectability, microscale porosity, and tunability by mixing multiple microgel populations. Methods to fabricate microgels often rely on water-in-oil emulsions (e.g., microfluidics, batch emulsions, electrospraying) or photolithography, which may present high demands in terms of resources and costs, and may not be compatible with many hydrogels. This work details simple yet highly effective methods to fabricate microgels using extrusion fragmentation and to process them into granular hydrogels useful for biomedical applications (e.g., 3D printing inks). First, bulk hydrogels (using photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid (HA) as an example) are extruded through a series of needles with sequentially smaller diameters to form fragmented microgels. This microgel fabrication technique is rapid, low-cost, and highly scalable. Methods to jam microgels into granular hydrogels by centrifugation and vacuum-driven filtration are described, with optional post-crosslinking for hydrogel stabilization. Lastly, granular hydrogels fabricated from fragmented microgels are demonstrated as extrusion printing inks. While the examples described herein use photocrosslinkable HA for 3D printing, the methods are easily adaptable for a wide variety of hydrogel types and biomedical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.