ArticleNeural regeneration research2022
Interleukin-4 promotes microglial polarization toward a neuroprotective phenotype after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Article in Neural regeneration research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The crosstalk between blood-brain barrier and neural cells: bidirectional regulation of brain function and pathology.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- INflammatory MediatorS in the PathophysIology of Diabetic REtinopathy Study: Baseline Analysis of 24 Aqueous Cytokines.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Microglial regulation of synaptic plasticity in transsynaptic degeneration of glaucoma.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That Hmga2 Regulates Neuroinflammation and Retinal Function by Modulating Müller Cell Autophagy Through PI3K/AKT Signaling Following MCAO-Induced Retinal Ischemia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Astrocyte Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Progress in Mechanisms and Therapeutics.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- AAV2.7m8 transduction of stage 2 human retinal organoids induces highly variable responses in innate and inflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Triamcinolone Acetonide Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration by Activating Anti-Inflammatory STAT6/Arg1 Signaling in Microglia.Inflammation · 2025Article
- The role of microglia in glaucoma - trigger and potential target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Empagliflozin targets Mfn1 and Opa1 to attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in retinal ischemia and reperfusion injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Sleep-associated insulin resistance promotes neurodegeneration.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- M2 macrophages mediate fibrotic scar formation in the early stages after cerebral ischemia in rats.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Retinal Microenvironment-Protected Rhein-GFFYE Nanofibers Attenuate Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Regulating Microglial/Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Analyses of Dupilumab-Related Ocular Adverse Drug Reactions Using the WHO's VigiBase.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Microglial Galectin3 enhances endothelial metabolism and promotes pathological angiogenesis via Notch inhibition by competitively binding to Jag1.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Young Sca-1Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on 661W cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusionInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Microglia: The breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Autophagy in glaucoma pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through an unclear mechanism. Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal degeneration. Our study aimed to explore the function of microglial polarization during glaucoma progression and identify a strategy to alleviate retinal neuroinflammation. Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice. In a separate cohort of animals, interleukin (IL)-4 (50 ng/mL, 2 μL per injection) or vehicle was intravitreally injected after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. RGC loss was assessed by counting cells that were positive for the RGC marker RNA binding protein, mRNA processing factor in retinal flat mounts. The expression of classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) microglial markers were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. The results showed that progressive RGC loss was accompanied by a continuous decrease in M2 microglia during the late phase of the 28-day period after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. IL-4 was undetectable in the retina at all time points, and intravitreal IL-4 administration markedly improved M2 microglial marker expression and ameliorated RGC loss in the late phase post-retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. In summary, we observed that IL-4 treatment maintained a high number of M2 microglia after RIR and promoted RGC survival.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.