ArticleMolecular oncology2022
The sex-dependent role of the androgen receptor in glioblastoma: results of molecular analyses.
Article in Molecular oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Somatic Aneuploidy Landscape of Adult Glia Reveals 16p as a Hotspot and Differentiates Mosaicism in Normal Glia from Chromosomal Instability in Glioblastoma.Research square · 2025Article
- Suppression of FOXO1 activity by SIRT1-mediated deacetylation weakening the intratumoral androgen autocrine function in glioblastoma.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Article
- Intracranial Assessment of Androgen Receptor Antagonists in Mice Bearing Human Glioblastoma Implants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Systematic in vitro analysis of therapy resistance in glioblastoma cell lines by integration of clonogenic survival data with multi-level molecular data.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2023Article
- Contribution of the Testosterone Androgen Receptor-PARD3B Signaling Axis to Tumorigenesis and Malignance of Glioblastoma Multiforme through Stimulating Cell Proliferation and Colony Formation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Nuclear and membrane-bound hormone receptors in glioblastoma: Expression, functionality, and therapeutic implications.Neuro-oncology advancesReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We sought to analyse the androgen receptor (AR) in glioblastoma (GBM) due to the location of the AR gene on chromosome X, often reported with shorter survival and higher prevalence of GBM among males. Copy number (CN) and mRNA expression of AR were tested with droplet digital PCR in 91 fresh-frozen GBM samples and 170 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples collected at Linköping University Hospital. The fresh-frozen cohort was also subjected to pyrosequencing methylation analysis of 17 CpG sites in the AR promoter. Additionally, the gene expression of AR was analysed in the fresh-frozen cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type primary GBM (135 females and 219 males). The association of AR expression and overall survival (OS) was tested with Kaplan-Meier log rank analysis after dichotomisation by maximally selected rank statistics. We found that AR CN alterations were more common in female GBM. AR gene expression correlated with methylation levels of different CpG sites in males and females but there was no difference in expression between sexes. Survival analysis of TCGA cohort revealed the opposite effect of AR overexpression on OS of males and females, with high AR expression correlating with shorter OS in females and longer OS in males. Additional gene set enrichment analysis showed that AR expression correlated with DNA repair response, especially in the male group. In summary, we found that high AR gene expression in GBM exhibits sex-dependent effects on patient survival, which, for males, is linked to DNA repair response.
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