Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35660862›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2022

Gene Structure-Based Homology Search Identifies Highly Divergent Putative Effector Gene Family.

David L Stern, Clair Han

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
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  7. Sequence Variation and In Silico Protein Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

David L SternJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1847-6483
Clair HanJanelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Howard Hughes Medical Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Homology of highly divergent genes often cannot be determined from sequence similarity alone. For example, we recently identified in the aphid Hormaphis cornu a family of rapidly evolving bicycle genes, which encode novel proteins implicated as plant gall effectors, and sequence similarity search methods yielded few putative bicycle homologs in other species. Coding sequence-independent features of genes, such as intron-exon boundaries, often evolve more slowly than coding sequences, however, and can provide complementary evidence for homology. We found that a linear logistic regression classifier using only structural features of bicycle genes identified many putative bicycle homologs in other species. Independent evidence from sequence features and intron locations supported homology assignments. To test the potential roles of bicycle genes in other aphids, we sequenced the genome of a second gall-forming aphid, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis and found that many bicycle genes are strongly expressed in the salivary glands of the gall forming foundress. In addition, bicycle genes are strongly overexpressed in the salivary glands of a non-gall forming aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and in the non-gall forming generations of H. cornu. These observations suggest that Bicycle proteins may be used by multiple aphid species to manipulate plants in diverse ways. Incorporation of gene structural features into sequence search algorithms may aid identification of deeply divergent homologs, especially of rapidly evolving genes involved in host-parasite interactions.

Indexed as

AphidsAnimalsHost-Parasite InteractionsPlantsaphid galleffector genesgene homologygene structuregenome evolutionrapidly evolving genes

Identifiers

PMID35660862
PMCPMC9168663
OpenAlexW4229446964

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.