ArticleOphthalmology2022
Reticular Pseudodrusen: The Third Macular Risk Feature for Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report 30.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Updated Simplified Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Incorporating Reticular Pseudodrusen: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 42.Ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Deep Learning-Based Detection of Reticular Pseudodrusen in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyTrial
- HONU: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study of the Progression of Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Transition from intermediate to late AMD and associated changes in vision by two years in a multicentre cohort study in Europe- INTERCEPT-AMD Report 3.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Drusen volume and reticular pseudodrusen volume from optical coherence tomography with deep learning as risk factors for progression to late age-related macular degeneration in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen and contralateral macular neovascularisation.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Review of emerging imaging findings to reveal a broader spectrum of lesions in AMD.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Impaired Rod-Mediated Vision is the Functional Hallmark of Ageing and Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers Predicting Progression to Atrophy in Non-Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Patient induced pluripotent stem cells identify specificities of a reticular pseudodrusen phenotype in age-related macular degeneration.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Minimum set of outcome measures for non-advanced age-related macular degeneration: a Delphi consensus statement by the TRACER (intermediate age-related macular degeneration) study group.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Reduced Macular Pigment Optical Volume Is Linked to High-Risk OCT Biomarkers and Lower Contrast Sensitivity Function in iAMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- ReticularNet: Automated Pixel-Level Segmentation of Reticular Pseudodrusen on Near-Infrared Reflectance Images by Deep Learning.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Impact of Reticular Pseudodrusen on Clinical and Ocular Characteristics and Progression Rate of Geographic Atrophy in Japanese Patients.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Proposal of a Simpler Eye-Level Risk Model Incorporating Reticular Pseudodrusen for the Clinical Prediction of Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Influence of subretinal drusenoid deposit on retinal sensitivity in age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Systemic and Local Lipids in Nonhuman Primates With Drusen and Age-Related Maculopathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Towards Accountable AI in Eye Disease Diagnosis: Workflow, External Validation, and Development.ArXiv · 2025Article
- Consideration of patient phenotypes in geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Review
- AI Workflow, External Validation, and Development in Eye Disease Diagnosis.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- High-Resolution, Motion-Corrected, Volume-Fused OCT for Investigating Longitudinal Changes in Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in Intermediate AMD.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo analyze reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) as an independent risk factor for progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD), alongside traditional macular risk factors (soft drusen and pigmentary abnormalities) considered simultaneously.
designPost hoc analysis of 2 clinical trial cohorts: Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2.
participantsEyes with no late AMD at baseline in AREDS (6959 eyes, 3780 participants) and AREDS2 (3355 eyes, 2056 participants).
methodsColor fundus photographs (CFPs) from annual visits were graded for soft drusen, pigmentary abnormalities, and late AMD. Presence of RPD was from grading of fundus autofluorescence images (AREDS2) and deep learning grading of CFPs (AREDS). Proportional hazards regression analyses were performed, considering AREDS AMD severity scales (modified simplified severity scale [person] and 9-step scale [eye]) and RPD presence simultaneously.
main outcome measuresProgression to late AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD.
resultsIn AREDS, for late AMD analyses by person, in a model considering the simplified severity scale simultaneously, RPD presence was associated with a higher risk of progression: hazard ratio (HR), 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.64). However, the risk associated with RPD presence differed at different severity scale levels: HR, 3.23 (95% CI, 1.60-6.51), HR, 3.81 (95% CI, 2.38-6.10), HR, 2.28 (95% CI, 1.59-3.27), and HR, 1.64 (95% CI, 1.20-2.24), at levels 0-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Considering the 9-step scale (by eye), RPD presence was associated with higher risk: HR, 2.54 (95% CI, 2.07-3.13). The HRs were 5.11 (95% CI, 3.93-6.66) at levels 1-6 and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.43-2.22) at levels 7 and 8. In AREDS2, by person, RPD presence was not associated with higher risk: HR, 1.18 (95% CI, 0.90-1.56); by eye, it was HR, 1.57 (95% CI, 1.31-1.89). In both cohorts, RPD presence carried a higher risk for GA than neovascular AMD.
conclusionsReticular pseudodrusen represent an important risk factor for progression to late AMD, particularly GA. However, the added risk varies markedly by severity level, with highly increased risk at lower/moderate levels and less increased risk at higher levels. Reticular pseudodrusen status should be included in updated AMD classification systems, risk calculators, and clinical trials.
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