ArticleBiology of sex differences2022
Appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations in young adults after administration of a balanced meal. Does sex matter?
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Influence of Biological Sex on Metabolic and Adipokine Responses after Metabolic-Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- The Role of Sex in the Impact of Sleep Restriction on Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Hormones in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Clocks & sleep · 2025Review
- Postprandial Responses to Animal Products with Distinct Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Composition Are Diet-Dependent.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Interindividual variability in appetitive sensations and relationships between appetitive sensations and energy intake.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Observational
- Ghrelin in Focus: Dissecting Its Critical Roles in Gastrointestinal Pathologies and Therapies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- The relationship between gender differences in dietary habits, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Review
- Childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher total ghrelin serum levels in adulthood: results from a large, population-based study.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSex-based differences in appetite ratings have been observed previously. Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic peptide hormone. Sex differences in postprandial ghrelin responses may underlie different perceptions of hunger and satiety, but results are conflicting. We conducted a parallel study to evaluate sex differences in postprandial appetite ratings and ghrelin concentration after administration of a physiological meal among students of University of Milan.
methodsTwenty-four healthy, normal weight volunteers (12 men and 12 women) aged 18-35 years were recruited. A balanced mixed meal meeting 40% of the estimated daily energy expenditure and providing 60% of calories from carbohydrates, 25% from lipids and 15% from protein was administrated. Sex differences in appetite ratings (satiety, hunger, fullness and desire to eat) and magnitude of ghrelin suppression during postprandial period (up to 180 min) were determined.
resultsIn the fasting state, men and women did not differ in appetite ratings and ghrelin concentrations. After feeding, women tended to reach peak of satiety earlier than men, who in turn reached the nadir of hunger later than women (median: 30 min, interquartile range (IQR): 1; 120 vs. 1 min, IQR 1; 1, p = 0.007). Ghrelin suppression was greater in women (median decremental AUC - 95, IQR - 122; - 66) than in men (median decremental AUC - 47, IQR - 87; - 31, p = 0.041).
conclusionsThese findings suggest sex differences in the postprandial appetite regulation that might be important for nutritional strategy to prevent and treat obesity and eating disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.