ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2022
Hypoxia-inducible factors: master regulators of hypoxic tumor immune escape.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06309459 (Carbonic Anhydrase IX Enzyme in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 277 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Enzyme in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma: Relationship With Prognostic Factors and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 408 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy modulates immune effector responses and reshapes peripheral immune tolerance: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Hypoxic cancer stem cell-immune niches in the tumor microenvironment: a Systematic Review of mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of belzutifan inhibitor in patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Glutamine-driven metabolic reprogramming promotes CAR-T cell function through mTOR-SREBP2 mediated HMGCS1 upregulation in ovarian cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Leveraging the bacteria for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: from a perspective of synthetic biology.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of CD117 and Special Stains as Indicators of Mechanical Asphyxial Deaths.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Hydroxyapatite-mineralized metal-organic frameworks as sonosensitizer modulate tumor microenvironment to potentiate high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- In-Outside Hypoxia Remodeling Strategy Triggers Ferroptosis to Boost TACE Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nanozyme-Mediated Cellular and Microenvironmental Metabolic Reprogramming for Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Identifying causal genetic variants for high-altitude adaptation through blood eQTL analysis in plateau populations.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The Role of Alternative Splicing in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms, Regulators, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Telomere-driven replicative crisis is driven by large-scale changes in genomic architecture.Genome research · 2026Article
- HIFs: The central drivers of tumors and their role as molecular switches in targeted therapy?Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Protein lactylation in health and diseases: molecular mechanisms, biological significance, and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- From Cold to Hot: Nanozyme-Based Strategies for Reprogramming the Tumour Immunoenvironment.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- FOSL2 drives transcriptional activation of super‑enhancer-regulatedMolecular medicine reports · 2026Article
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment in various types of cancers, weakens cytotoxic T cell function and causes recruitment of regulatory T cells, thereby reducing tumoral immunogenicity. Studies have demonstrated that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 alpha (HIF1A and HIF2A) are involved in tumor immune escape. Under hypoxia, activation of HIF1A induces a series of signaling events, including through programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1. Moreover, hypoxia triggers shedding of complex class I chain-associated molecules through nitric oxide signaling impairment to disrupt immune surveillance by natural killer cells. The HIF-1-galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1-sulfatide axis enhances tumor immune escape via increased tumor cell-platelet binding. HIF2A upregulates stem cell factor expression to recruit tumor-infiltrating mast cells and increase levels of cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, resulting in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Additionally, HIF1A upregulates expression of tumor-associated long noncoding RNAs and suppresses immune cell function, enabling tumor immune escape. Overall, elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which HIFs promote evasion of tumor immune surveillance will allow for targeting HIF in tumor treatment. This review discusses the current knowledge of how hypoxia and HIFs facilitate tumor immune escape, with evidence to date implicating HIF1A as a molecular target in such immune escape. This review provides further insight into the mechanism of tumor immune escape, and strategies for tumor immunotherapy are suggested.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.