ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2022
CD4+ T helper 2 cells suppress breast cancer by inducing terminal differentiation.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Causality between immune cells and HER2-breast cancer: A 2‑sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in intratumoral immunotherapy from a neuro-immune-endocrine perspective for breast cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Post-radiation targeting of TIGIT and CD96 improved immunotherapy efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Peritumoral macrophages recruit eosinophils to promote antitumor immune responses in breast cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- SOCS3: An Immunological Biomarker Offering Potential Therapeutic Targets for Malignant Tumors.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- SMYD3 Promotes Immune Evasion in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via SREBP1-Mediated Transactivation of CD47.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Curcumenol inhibits malignant progression and promotes ferroptosis via the SLC7A11/NF‑κB/TGF‑β pathway in triple‑negative breast cancer.International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of a novel anoikis-related gene signature to predict prognosis and tumor microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Thymoquinone-Chemotherapeutic Combinations: A Systematic Review of the LatestJournal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- BAMBI integrates biostatistical and artificial intelligence methods to improve RNA biomarker discovery.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- CD4+ T helper 2 cell-macrophage crosstalk induces IL-24-mediated breast cancer suppression.JCI insight · 2025Article
- T helper 2 cell-directed immunotherapy eliminates precancerous skin lesions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Hybrid regulatory T cells: camouflaged architects of tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer immunology research is largely focused on the role of cytotoxic immune responses against advanced cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that CD4+ T helper (Th2) cells directly block spontaneous breast carcinogenesis by inducing the terminal differentiation of the cancer cells. Th2 cell immunity, stimulated by thymic stromal lymphopoietin, caused the epigenetic reprogramming of the tumor cells, activating mammary gland differentiation and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Th2 polarization was required for this tumor antigen-specific immunity, which persisted in the absence of CD8+ T and B cells. Th2 cells directly blocked breast carcinogenesis by secreting IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF, which signaled to their common receptor expressed on breast tumor cells. Importantly, Th2 cell immunity permanently reverted high-grade breast tumors into low-grade, fibrocystic-like structures. Our findings reveal a critical role for CD4+ Th2 cells in immunity against breast cancer, which is mediated by terminal differentiation as a distinct effector mechanism for cancer immunoprevention and therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.