ReviewTemperature (Austin, Tex.)2022
Occupational heat strain in outdoor workers: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis.
Review in Temperature (Austin, Tex.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heat-related illness symptoms among migrant farmworkers: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- International migrant workers, heat exposure, and climate change: a systematic review of health risks and protective interventions.BMC global and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Heat exposure and productivity loss among construction workers: a meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Climate change and heat stress resilient outdoor workers: findings from systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Wearable Sensor Technology to Predict Core Body Temperature: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive Performance in Young Adults During Three Consecutive Days of Simulated Occupational Heat Stress: An Exploratory Study.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention (TEMP) for Prevention of Occupational Heat-Related Illness among Outdoor Workers in the Power Grid Industry: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Trial
- Plateau in Core Temperature during Shorter but Not Longer Work/Rest Cycles in Heat.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Trial
- Heat Perceptions, Behaviors, and Barriers of Unhoused Individuals in Germany.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Article
- Occupational heat strain among home health care workers: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Expert consensus on passive heating interventions to promote skeletal muscle strength and mass: a delphi study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Occupational heat stress among female agricultural workers in the Jordan Valley, Palestine.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Validation of the ECTemp™ algorithm in construction workers: a comparison of photoplethysmography smartwatch and chest strap heart rate monitors.Environmental research communications · 2026Article
- Occupational heat risk perceptions and behavioral adaptation strategies among construction and welding workers in Bangladesh.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology Under Hypoxia, Microgravity, and Heat Stress: A Review with Public Health Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Time-series analysis of the incidence trend of heat stress-related disorders in a hot and humid climate in a process industry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development of Wearable Heatstroke Warning System (HeatGuard): Design, Validation and Controlled-Environment Testing Among Triathletes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Policies and Interventions in Middle Eastern and North African Countries to Mitigate Heat Stress Experienced by Outdoor Workers: A Scoping Literature Review.Current environmental health reports · 2026Article
- Effect of vest structure, airflow velocity, and humidity on evaporative cooling capacity using a thermal manikin.Scientific reports · 2026Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present comprehensive review (i) summarizes the current knowledge on the impacts of occupational heat stress on outdoor workers, (ii) provides a historical background on this issue, (iii) presents a meta-analysis of published data, (iv) explores inter-individual and intra-individual factors, (v) discusses the available heat mitigation strategies, (vi) estimates physical work capacity, labour productivity, and metabolic rate for the year 2030, and (vii) provides an overview of existing policy and legal frameworks on occupational heat exposure. Meta-analytic findings from 38 field studies that involved monitoring 2,409 outdoor workers across 41 jobs in 21 countries suggest that occupational heat stress increases the core (r = 0.44) and skin (r = 0.44) temperatures, as well as the heart rate (r = 0.38) and urine specific gravity (r = 0.13) of outdoor workers (all p < 0.05). Moreover, it diminishes the capacity of outdoor workers for manual labour (r = -0.82; p < 0.001) and is responsible for more than two thirds of the reduction in their metabolic rate. Importantly, our analysis shows that physical work capacity is projected to be highly affected by the ongoing anthropogenic global warming. Nevertheless, the metabolic rate and, therefore, labour productivity are projected to remain at levels higher than the workers' physical work capacity, indicating that people will continue to work more intensely than they should to meet their financial obligations for food and shelter. In this respect, complementary measures targeting self-pacing, hydration, work-rest regimes, ventilated garments, and mechanization can be adopted to protect outdoor workers.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.