Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35655214›Full record

SynthesisBMC medicine2022

Association of meat, vegetarian, pescatarian and fish-poultry diets with risk of 19 cancer sites and all cancer: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.

Solange Parra-Soto, Danay Ahumada, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Jirapitcha Boonpoor, Jose Lara Gallegos, Jana Anderson, Linda Sharp, Fiona C Malcomson, Katherine M Livingstone, John C Mathers and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
16.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Practical recommendations for exercise and nutrition in patients with lung cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Solange Parra-Soto *Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Danay Ahumada *Department of Process and Evaluation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Fanny Petermann-RochaInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Jirapitcha BoonpoorBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
Jose Lara GallegosDepartment of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, EBD223 Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Jana AndersonInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Linda SharpNewcastle University Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Fiona C MalcomsonHuman Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
Katherine M LivingstoneInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
John C MathersHuman Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
Jill P Pell *Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Frederick K Ho *Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK.
Carlos Celis-Morales *Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK. Carlos.Celis@glasgow.ac.uk.
University of Glasgow · GBNewcastle University · GBBritish Heart Foundation · GBCatholic University of the Maule · CLDeakin University · AUNorthumbria University · GBTemuco Catholic University · CL

Funding

British Heart FoundationMedical Research CouncilWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe associations of cancer with types of diets, including vegetarian, fish, and poultry-containing diets, remain unclear. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the association of type of diet with all cancers and 19 site-specific incident cancers in a prospective cohort study and then in a meta-analysis of published prospective cohort studies.

methodsA total of 409,110 participants from the UK Biobank study, recruited between 2006 and 2010, were included. The outcomes were incidence of all cancers combined and 19 cancer sites. Associations between the types of diets and cancer were investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. Previously published prospective cohort studies were identified from four databases, and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.

resultsThe mean follow-up period was 10.6 years (IQR 10.0; 11.3). Compared with meat-eaters, vegetarians (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.96]) and pescatarians (HR 0.93 [95% CI: 0.87 to 1.00]) had lower overall cancer risk. Vegetarians also had a lower risk of colorectal and prostate cancers compared with meat-eaters. In the meta-analysis, vegetarians (Risk Ratio (RR): 0.90 [0.86 to 0.94]) and pescatarians (RR 0.91 [0.86; 0.96]) had lower risk of overall and colorectal cancer. No associations between the types of diets and prostate, breast, or lung cancers were found.

conclusionsCompared with meat-eaters, vegetarians and pescatarians had a lower risk of overall, colorectal, and prostate cancer. When results were pooled in a meta-analysis, the associations with overall and colorectal cancer persisted, but the results relating to other specific cancer sites were inconclusive.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsProstatic NeoplasmsAnimalsBiological Specimen BanksDietFishesHumansMaleMeatPoultryProspective StudiesUnited KingdomVegetariansCancerDietPescatarianVegetarians

Identifiers

PMID35655214
PMCPMC9281076
OpenAlexW4224050581

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.