Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35655160›Full record

ArticleBMC medical education2022

A hierarchy of needs for remote undergraduate medical education: lessons from the medical student experience.

Henrike C Besche, Sarah Onorato, Stephen Pelletier, Sepideh Ashrafzadeh, Ashwini Joshi, Brenna Nelsen, Jaewon Yoon, Joyce Zhou, Andrea Schwartz, Barbara A Cockrill

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Henrike C Besche *Office of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. Henrike_besche@hms.harvard.edu.
Sarah Onorato *Office of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Stephen PelletierOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Sepideh AshrafzadehOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Ashwini JoshiOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Brenna NelsenOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Jaewon YoonOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Joyce ZhouOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Andrea SchwartzOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Barbara A CockrillOffice of Educational Quality Improvement, Harvard Medical School, TMEC 384 260 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. barbara_cockrill@hms.harvard.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe disruption of undergraduate medical education (UME) by the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked rapid, real-time adjustments by medical educators and students. While much is known about online teaching in general, little guidance is available to medical educators on how to adapt courses not originally designed for the online environment. To guide our faculty in this transition we conducted a needs assessment of students enrolled in virtual courses across all 4 years of UME training.

methodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a single-institution virtual learning needs assessment in May and June of 2020. We developed and disseminated a survey to assess student experiences with virtual learning. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis of responses (n = 255 or 39%) to identify emergent themes.

resultsWe identified six interdependent themes that need to be met for medical students to fully reach their learning potential: access to stable internet and quiet study spaces, flexible course design with asynchronous, self-paced components, clear expectations for engagement with content and each other, a sense of connectedness with faculty and peers, synchronous classes that maximize interactivity, and assessments that foster a sense of learning over performance. Interpersonal relationships with faculty and peers affected students' sense of learning more than any other factor.

conclusionsBased on our findings we propose a hierarchy of needs for virtual learning that provides guidance on adapting existing medical school courses to the remote setting and overcoming common challenges. We highlight opportunities for how virtual elements may enrich in-person courses going forward, including in the clinical setting. Although the solutions required to meet the threshold of need at each level may differ based on the context, attending to these same fundamental needs can be extrapolated and applied to learners across a range of environments beyond the virtual.

Indexed as

COVID-19Education, Medical, UndergraduateStudents, MedicalHumansPandemicsSurveys and QuestionnairesFlipped classroomOnline teachingRemote learningTelehealthUndergraduate medical education

Identifiers

PMID35655160
PMCPMC9161626

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.