ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2022
Comparison of Carcinogen Biomarkers in Smokers of Menthol and Nonmenthol Cigarettes: The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Special Sample.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette smoking in relation to survival in Black women with ovarian cancer: Evidence from the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES).Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Perceptions and Interest in Lung Cancer Screening by Smoking Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of HINTS 6 (2022).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dietary Patterns among Smokers and Non-Smokers: Findings from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Association between Body Mass Index and Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) in the US Population's Diabetes Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding the mediation effects of cigarettes per day on time to first cigarette and carcinogen biomarkers: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Disparities in Healthcare and HBV Vaccination by Smoking Status: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of urine heavy metals in exclusive menthol and non-menthol cigarette users by race/ethnicity: The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Special Sample.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe US FDA announced its commitment to prohibiting menthol as a characterizing flavor in tobacco. The relationship between cigarette menthol and exposure to toxic substances in mainstream tobacco smoke is not well characterized.
methodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015 to 2016 special sample were used to study markers of 26 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) in tobacco smoke. These include urine metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and heavy metals in exclusive menthol (n = 162) and nonmenthol (n = 189) cigarette smokers. Urine metabolites of 7 PAHs, 15 VOCs, and 4 heavy metal biomarkers were compared by menthol status. Multivariable analyses were conducted on creatinine-adjusted concentrations.
resultsThere were no significant differences in cotinine levels or in 22 of 26 HPHCs. Among the urine metabolites of PAHs, the levels of 1-hydroxyphenanthrene were about 16% lower in menthol smokers. Among the urine metabolites of VOCs, menthol cigarette smokers presented significantly lower concentrations of acrylamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and acrylonitrile. Menthol and nonmenthol smokers presented similar levels of heavy metals. Menthol did not affect the levels of cotinine and the nicotine metabolite ratio in urine.
conclusionsMenthol and nonmenthol cigarettes deliver similar levels of most HPHCs. IMPACT: Findings on toxicity are similar for menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes.
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