ArticleNeurobiology of disease2022
Gut microbial metabolites in Parkinson's disease: Association with lifestyle, disease characteristics, and treatment status.
Article in Neurobiology of disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alterations of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Gut-Brain Axis: A Critical Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's disease.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived succinate links proteostasis collapse to α-synuclein pathology and aging.iScience · 2026Article
- Dietary Yam (Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as immune modulators in aging and age-related chronic inflammatory diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- Metabolic profiles associated with fat loss in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: exploring pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies from a gut-brain axis perspective.iScience · 2026Review
- Gut bacteria composition in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- The Enteric Nervous System as a Mediator of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Interactions in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Immune and metabolic signatures characterise constipation-driven endophenotypes in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Fucoidan Therapy for Extraintestinal Diseases: Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Organ Axes.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Trimethylamine-N-oxide damages astrocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells in the cerebral lymphatic system.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Parkinson's Disease Through the Lens of Metabolomics: A Targeted Systematic Review on Human Studies (2019-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The role of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in neuroinflammation.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025Review
- The Determination of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Organic Acids Connected with Gut Microbiota in the Urine of Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Rising-Star Metabolite: Implications for Human Health.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring the role of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease: insights from fecal microbiota transplantation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Exploring cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, cognitive function, and brain atrophy: Insights from Mendelian randomization.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Microbiome-based therapeutics for Parkinson's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is growing appreciation of the importance of the intestinal microbiota in Parkinson's disease (PD), and one potential mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota can communicate with the brain is via bacteria-derived metabolites. In this study, plasma levels of bacterial-derived metabolites including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short chain fatty acids (SCFA), the branched chain fatty acid isovalerate, succinate, and lactate were evaluated in PD subjects (treatment naïve and treated) which were compared to (1) population controls, (2) spousal / household controls (similar lifestyle to PD subjects), and (3) subjects with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Analyses revealed an increase in the TMAO pathway in PD subjects which was independent of medication status, disease characteristics, and lifestyle. Lactic acid was decreased in treated PD subjects, succinic acid positively correlated with disease severity, and the ratio of pro-inflammatory TMAO to the putative anti-inflammatory metabolite butyric acid was significantly higher in PD subjects compared to controls indicating a pro-inflammatory shift in the metabolite profile in PD subjects. Finally, acetic and butyric acid were different between PD and MSA subjects indicating that metabolites may differentiate these synucleinopathies. In summary, (1) TMAO is elevated in PD subjects, a phenomenon independent of disease characteristics, treatment status, and lifestyle and (2) metabolites may differentiate PD and MSA subjects. Additional studies to understand the potential of TMAO and other bacterial metabolites to serve as a biomarker or therapeutic targets are warranted.
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