ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2022
Racial disparities in triple negative breast cancer: toward a causal architecture approach.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Race and Socioeconomic Status are Predictors of Survival in Patients With Metastatic Bone Disease Secondary to Breast Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Associations of neighborhood racial and ethnic, economical, and educational segregation with breast cancer risk: The Multiethnic ohort Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Exploring Loneliness, Social Factors, and Clinical Correlates of C-reactive Protein in African American Breast Cancer Survivors.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Establishing the first Afro-Caribbean breast cancer cell lines reveals ECM pathway enrichment and distinctive drug sensitivities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Breast cancer inequities: the intersectional role of social epidemiology and tumor biology.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Review
- Assessing Upstream Structural and Social Drivers of Health in Breast Cancer Survivorship: The Pathways Study Neighborhood Resource.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Guideline-concordance along the cancer care continuum and breast cancer mortality by race and ethnicity: a SEER-Medicare study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Article
- Double-positive T cells form heterotypic clusters with circulating tumor cells to foster cancer metastasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- DNA damage response inhibition is an early event in cadmium-induced breast carcinogenesis.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2025Article
- Association between spatial social polarisation and high blood pressure in older adults.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2025Article
- Extending catchment area approaches to a community cancer center: a breast cancer hotspot case study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Trabectedin Enhances the Antitumor Effects of IL-12 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Among Sudanese Women: A Retrospective Analysis of Newly Diagnosed Cases.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Cancer and the Power of Preventative Screening: We Have Come a Long Way.Delaware journal of public health · 2024Article
- Effects of residential socioeconomic polarization on high blood pressure among nursing home residents.Health & place · 2024Article
- A Novel Approach for Conducting a Catchment Area Analysis of Breast Cancer by Age and Stage for a Community Cancer Center.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Insufficient Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Review
- Profiling mitochondrial DNA mutations in tumors and circulating extracellular vesicles of triple-negative breast cancer patients for potential biomarker development.FASEB bioAdvances · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of invasive breast cancer that disproportionately affects Black women and contributes to racial disparities in breast cancer mortality. Prior research has suggested that neighborhood effects may contribute to this disparity beyond individual risk factors.
methodsThe sample included a cohort of 3316 breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2012 and 2020 in New Castle County, Delaware, a geographic region of the US with elevated rates of TNBC. Multilevel methods and geospatial mapping evaluated whether the race, income, and race/income versions of the neighborhood Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) metric could efficiently identify census tracts (CT) with higher odds of TNBC relative to other forms of invasive breast cancer. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported; p-values < 0.05 were significant. Additional analyses examined area-level differences in exposure to metabolic risk factors, including unhealthy alcohol use and obesity.
resultsThe ICE-Race, -Income-, and Race/Income metrics were each associated with greater census tract odds of TNBC on a bivariate basis. However, only ICE-Race was significantly associated with higher odds of TNBC after adjustment for patient-level age and race (most disadvantaged CT: OR = 2.09; 95% CI 1.40-3.13), providing support for neighborhood effects. Higher counts of alcohol and fast-food retailers, and correspondingly higher rates of unhealthy alcohol use and obesity, were observed in CTs that were classified into the most disadvantaged ICE-Race quintile and had the highest odds of TNBC.
conclusionThe use of ICE can facilitate the monitoring of cancer inequities and advance the study of racial disparities in breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.