Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35650527›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022

Prevalence of and factors associated with herpes zoster in England: a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Survey for England.

Sharon L Cadogan, Jennifer S Mindell, Judith Breuer, Andrew Hayward, Charlotte Warren-Gash

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Varicella zoster virus infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Herpes zoster incidence in adults aged ≥ 20 years in Finland, 2015 to 2023: a population-based register study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. 'Everyone has heard of it, but no one knows what it is': a qualitative study of patient understandings and experiences of herpes zoster.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sharon L CadoganDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical and Medicine, London, UK. sharon.cadogan@lshtm.ac.uk.
Jennifer S MindellResearch Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Judith BreuerDivision of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
Andrew HaywardInstitute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
Charlotte Warren-GashDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical and Medicine, London, UK.
University College London · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GB

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 201440/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHerpes zoster (commonly called shingles) is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus, and results in substantial morbidity. While the risk of zoster increases significantly with age and immunosuppression, relatively little is known about other risk factors for zoster. Moreover, much evidence to date stems from electronic healthcare or administrative data. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore potential risk factors for herpes zoster using survey data from a nationally-representative sample of the general community-dwelling population in England.

methodsData were extracted from the 2015 Health Survey for England, an annual cross-sectional representative survey of households in England. The lifetime prevalence of self-reported herpes zoster was described by age, gender and other socio-demographic factors, health behaviours (physical activity levels, body mass index, smoking status and alcohol consumption) and clinical conditions, including; diabetes, respiratory, digestive and genito-urinary system and mental health disorders. Logistic regression models were then used to identify possible factors associated with shingles, and results were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

resultsThe lifetime prevalence of shingles among the sample was 11.5% (12.6% among women, 10.3% among men), which increased with age. After adjusting for a range of covariates, increased age, female gender (odds ratio: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.43), White ethnic backgrounds (odds ratio: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.40, 2.88), moderate physical activity 7 days per week (odds ratio: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.66) and digestive disorders (odds ratio: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.13, 1.51) were each associated with increased odds of having had herpes zoster.

conclusionsAge, gender, ethnicity and digestive disorders may be risk factors for herpes zoster among a nationally representative sample of adults in England. These potential risk factors and possible mechanisms should be further explored using longitudinal studies.

Indexed as

Herpesvirus 3, HumanHerpes ZosterAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMalePrevalenceHerpes zosterPrevalenceRisk factorShingles

Identifiers

PMID35650527
PMCPMC9158364
OpenAlexW4281735197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.