SynthesisCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2022
Brain metastases and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combination of pemetrexed with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Reprogramming PD-L1 endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation via engineered exosome-based nanocomposites overcomes immune resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- A retrospective study of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for patients with baseline brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive prognostic model for immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a multi-center study integrating clinical and blood biomarkers.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Prediction of intracranial response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors therapy in brain metastases originating from non-small cell lung cancer using habitat imaging and peritumoral radiomics: a multicenter study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Association of previously irradiated stable brain metastases with outcomes of atezolizumab-treated non-small cell lung cancer: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from three randomized trials.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Article
- A case of discordant histology and expression of programmed death ligand 1 between primary tumor and brain metastases in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Optimal timing and sequence of combining stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating brain metastases: clinical evidence and mechanistic basis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- The Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for brain metastases (BMs) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains debatable. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of ICIs for NSCLC with BMs. We also evaluated the effect of BMs on outcomes of ICIs.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify studies where the efficacy of ICIs against BMs from NSCLC, or the association between BMs and outcomes of ICIs were evaluated. Outcomes included intracranial objective response rate (icORR), intracranial disease control rate (icDCR), systemic ORR and DCR.
resultsOverall, 33 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled icORR was 13% (95%CI 6-23%) and icDCR was 50% (95%CI 40-63%) for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) unselected patients with any BMs. For active BMs, pooled icORR was 15% (95%CI 6-28%) and icDCR was 47% (95% CI 36-57%). For PD-L1 ≥ 50% patients with any BMs, pooled icORR and icDCR were 68% (95%CI 57-80%) and 82% (95%CI 73-92%), respectively. Additionally, pooled systemic ORR and DCR for any BMs were 22% (95%CI 15-30%) and 41% (95%CI 18-67%), respectively. Patients with BMs had inferior progression-free survival (HR 1.19, 95%CI 1.07-1.33, P = 0.0016) and overall survival (HR 1.14, 95%CI 1.03-1.25, P = 0.011) when applying ICIs compared to those without BMs. However, no significant difference in systemic ORR between patients with and without BMs was observed (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.72-1.20, P = 0.629).
conclusionICIs may be clinically active in NSCLC patients with BMs. More effective treatments for BMs from NSCLC are needed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.