Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35648215›Full record

ArticleDevelopment genes and evolution2022

Differential MC5R loss in whales and manatees reveals convergent evolution to the marine environment.

Jian Liu, Mingrong Shu, Shaobo Liu, Jingwen Xue, Haidi Chen, Wen Li, Jingfan Zhou, Amanullah Amanullah, Miao Guan, Ji Bao and 2 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Development genes and evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Decay of Skin-Specific Gene Modules in Pangolins.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jian Liu *Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Mingrong Shu *Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Shaobo LiuJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Jingwen XueJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Haidi ChenInstitutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wen LiJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Jingfan ZhouJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Amanullah AmanullahJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Miao GuanJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Ji BaoInstitute of Clinical Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. baoji@scu.edu.cn.
Dan PuWest China Medical Simulation Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Cheng DengJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China. dengcheng2014@126.com.
Nanjing Normal University · CNSichuan University · CNWest China Hospital of Sichuan University · CNWest China Medical Center of Sichuan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R), which is expressed in the terminally differentiated sebaceous gland, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). MC5R exists mostly in mammals but is completely lost in whales; only the relic of MC5R can be detected in manatees, and phenotypically, they have lost sebaceous glands. Interestingly, whales and manatees are both aquatic mammals but have no immediate common ancestors. The loss of MC5R and sebaceous glands in whales and manatees is likely to be a result of convergent evolution. Here, we find that MC5R in whales and manatees are lost by two different mechanisms. Homologous recombination of MC5R in manatees and the insertion of reverse transcriptase in whales lead to the gene loss, respectively. On one hand, in manatees, there are two "TTATC" sequences flanking MC5R, and homologous recombination of the segments between the two "TTATC" sequences resulted in the partial loss of the sequence of MC5R. On the other hand, in whales, reverse transcriptase inserts between MC2R and RNMT on the chromosome led to the loss of MC5R. Based on these two different mechanisms for gene loss in whales and manatees, we finally concluded that MC5R loss might be the result of convergent evolution to the marine environment, and we explored the impact on biological function that is significant to environmental adaptation.

Indexed as

TrichechusWhalesAnimalsMammalsPhylogenyReceptors, MelanocortinRNA-Directed DNA Polymerasemelanocortin 5 receptorReceptors, MelanocortinRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseConvergent evolutionManateesMC5RMechanisms of gene lostWhales

Identifiers

PMID35648215
OpenAlexW4281922500

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.