ArticleWorld journal of clinical cases2022
Changes in corneal nerve morphology and function in patients with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes.
Article in World journal of clinical cases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress in animal models of dry eye disease: Types, mechanisms, and application prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Correlating corneal and meibomian gland morphology with diabetes duration in T2DMInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Methods for the evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes of the lid margin, meibomian gland and tear film in dry eye patients: a critical perspective.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Corneal Sensory Receptors and Pharmacological Therapies to Modulate Ocular Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced Analysis of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Corneal Diseases: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDry eye syndrome (DES) is a common disease with various clinical manifestations. DES had a significant association with diabetes. Blink reflex (BR) is also known as trigeminal nerve facial reflex. The stimulation of corneal nerves is one of the origins of BR stimulation. The parasympathetic fibers sent out through the facial nerve are the outlet of tear reflexes. BR can be used to assess the function of the corneal nerve closed-loop; however, whether the BR changes in these patients is unclear.
aimTo understand the morphology and function of the corneal nerve in patients with dry eyes having diabetes or not.
methodsThis study enrolled 131 patients who visited the inpatient and outpatient services of ophthalmology and endocrinology departments between January 2019 to August 2020 with subjective symptoms of dry eyes and non-dry eye reasons, as well as volunteers such as colleagues. The patients were divided into four groups: DEwDM, with dry eyes having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); DMnDE, with T2DM not having dry eyes; DEnDM, with dry eyes not having diabetes; and nDMnDE, with neither dry eyes nor diabetes. The tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test,
resultsThe DEwDM, DMnDE, DEnDM, and nDMnDE groups included 56, 22, 33, and 20 patients, respectively. Sex and age were not statistically different among the four groups. The nerve fiber length (NFL) of patients in the DEwDM, DEnDM, and DMnDE groups reduced (
conclusionThe corneal nerve morphology changed in patients with dry eyes or diabetes, or with both, while the function of corneal nerve closed-loop reduced only in those with dry eyes and diabetes.
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