ArticleWorld journal of clinical cases2022
Tuberculosis-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.
Article in World journal of clinical cases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- HHV-8-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a HIV-Negative and Nontransplant Man: A Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Unusual presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a female patient: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disorder with rapid progression and high mortality. HLH occurs mostly due to infection, malignant tumors, and immune disorders. Among infections that cause HLH, viral infections, especially Epstein-Barr virus infections, are common, whereas tuberculosis is rare. Tuberculosis-associated HLH has a wide range of serological and clinical manifestations that are similar to those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CASE SUMMARY: This study describes a case of tuberculosis-associated HLH misdiagnosed as SLE because of antinuclear antibody (ANA), Smith (Sm) antibody and lupus anticoagulant positivity; leukopenia; thrombocytopenia; pleural effusion; decreased C3, quantitatively increased 24 h urinary protein and fever. The patient was initially treated with glucocorticoids, which resulted in peripheral blood cytopenia and symptom recurrence. Then, caseating granulomas and hemophagocytosis were observed in her bone marrow. She was successfully treated with conventional category 1 antituberculous drugs. In addition, we reviewed the literature on tuberculosis-associated HLH documented in PubMed, including all full-text articles published in English from December 2009 to December 2019, and summarized the key points, including the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of tuberculosis-associated HLH and the differences of the present case from previous reports.
conclusionTuberculosis should be considered in patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. Antituberculous drugs are important for treating tuberculosis-associated HLH.
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