Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity in Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the disproportionate risk of poor clinical outcomes among population subgroups. The study investigates length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital death across age, sex, and race among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A pooled cross-sectional study analyzed hospital discharge data of state-licensed hospitals in Texas from April to December 2020. Of 98,879 patients, males accounted for 52.3%. The age distribution was 31.9% for the 65-79 age group, 29.6% for those aged 50-64, and 16.3% for those older than 79. Whites constituted the largest proportion (42.6%), followed by Hispanics (36.2%) and Blacks (13.1%). Higher in-hospital death rates were found among patients aged 80 and over (Adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) 1.12, 95%CI 1.11-1.13) and patients aged 65-79 (aRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.07-1.09) compared to patients aged 19 and below. Hispanics (aRR 1.03, 95%CI 1.02-1.03) and other minorities (aRR 1.02, 95%CI 1.02-1.03) exhibited higher in-hospital death rates than whites, and these patients also had longer LOS and higher ICU admission rates. Patients aged 65-79, 50-64, and 80 and over all had longer hospital stays and higher ICU admission rates. Males experienced poor health outcomes in all assessed outcomes. Findings showed that disparities in clinical outcomes among population subgroups existed and remained throughout 2020. While the nation has to continue practicing public health measures to minimize the harm caused by the novel virus, serious consideration must be given to improving the health of marginalized populations during and beyond the pandemic.