ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2022
Reverse Adverse Immune Microenvironments by Biomaterials Enhance the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue engineering for traumatic spinal cord injury: Research advances and clinical translation.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Upregulation of the Mitophagy-Related Gene EXOSC4 Is Associated with Immune Dysregulation in Spinal Cord Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials in Spinal Repair: Evaluating Mechanisms for IVDD, SCI, and Dural Regeneration.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Engineered nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The Role of Inflammatory Cascade and Reactive Astrogliosis in Glial Scar Formation Post-spinal Cord Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Biomaterials targeting the microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair: progression and perspectives.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Spatial multi-omics analysis of the microenvironment in traumatic spinal cord injury: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Nanomaterials as therapeutic agents to modulate astrocyte-mediated inflammation in spinal cord injury.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury: Mechanisms, current advances and future challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Advances in Conductive Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approaches for Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair spinal cord injury by modulating macrophage phenotypes.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and traumatic disorder that ultimately results in the loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic nervous function. After SCI, local immune inflammatory response persists and does not weaken or disappear. The interference of local adverse immune factors after SCI brings great challenges to the repair of SCI. Among them, microglia, macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes, astrocytes, and the release of various cytokines, as well as the destruction of the extracellular matrix are mainly involved in the imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Studies have shown that immune remodeling after SCI significantly affects the survival and differentiation of stem cells after transplantation and the prognosis of SCI. Recently, immunological reconstruction strategies based on biomaterials have been widely explored and achieved good results. In this review, we discuss the important factors leading to immune dysfunction after SCI, such as immune cells, cytokines, and the destruction of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, the immunomodulatory strategies based on biomaterials are summarized, and the clinical application prospects of these immune reconstructs are evaluated.
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Registered trials
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