Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35646364›Full record

ReviewSAGE open medicine2022

A systematic review of outpatient billing practices.

Kristie Burks, Jessie Shields, Joseph Evans, Jodi Plumley, Jarrett Gerlach, Susan Flesher

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in SAGE open medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Billing and Coding Rounds: Turning Daily Encounters Into Dollars and Sense.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kristie BurksDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Jessie ShieldsDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Joseph EvansDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Jodi PlumleyDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Jarrett GerlachDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.
Susan FlesherDepartment of Pediatrics, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-7097
Marshall University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Healthcare coding and billing are an important aspect of practice management that directly impacts the financial stability of a health care practice. To financially sustain or grow a medical practice, it is imperative that resident and faculty physicians have knowledge and skills for accurate billing in every patient encounter. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify recently published studies that report on improvements in medical coding and billing accuracy, clinical documentation, and reimbursement rate. A search of three databases yielded a total of 5754 records. After screening, 41 records were sought for retrieval and a total of 18 records were obtained for review. Results: Following a thorough review of literature, the most common reasons for inaccurate or inappropriate billing were a lack of formal education within residency curriculum, inadequate clinical documentation supporting level of billing, and lack of a feedback system aimed to correct billing errors. Conclusion: A formal education curriculum implemented in training could enhance knowledge and application of accurate billing and coding and further benefit practice longevity. The purpose of this systematic review is to apply knowledge gained to the development and implementation of a quality improvement study intended to improve accuracy of coding and billing within an academic pediatric outpatient center.

Indexed as

billingcodingdocumentationGeneral pediatricsreimbursement

Identifiers

PMID35646364
PMCPMC9134459
OpenAlexW4285301676

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.