ReviewSubstance abuse : research and treatment2022
Health Effects Associated With Kratom (
Review in Substance abuse : research and treatment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding kratom: molecular mechanisms and epigenetic factors in use and dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Reported associations between kratom and seizures: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Novel Histopathologic Features of Diffuse Blue-Gray Hyperpigmentation Associated With Kratom Use: A Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2026Review
- Kratom Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation: An Emerging Dermatosis for Dermatopathologists and Dermatologists to Recognize.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2026Article
- Characteristics of adverse reactions to kratom and implementation of harm reduction strategies in a sample of ethnobotanical tea bar patrons in Colorado.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Kratom Brands in Vape Shops Across the US.Health behavior research · 2026Article
- Associations Between Opioid and Kratom Use in the USA: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Description of Kratom Exposure Events in Wisconsin as Reported to the Wisconsin Poison Center, January 1, 2010 to September 1, 2022.WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin · 2023Article
- Article
- A Mediation Moderation Model between Self-Evaluative Emotions and Relapse Rate among Polysubstance Users: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Polysubstance use profiles among US adults using Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): A latent class analysis using The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).The American journal on addictions · 2023Article
- An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations.Expert review of clinical pharmacologyReview
- An Initial Survey Assessing the Temporal Relationship of Kratom Initiation With Medical Treatment and Substance Use.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Kratom ( Methods: The objective of this narrative review was to elucidate selected health effects associated with using kratom-either alone or with other substances. Since scientifically controlled human subjects research on kratom use is still limited, relevant case reports were also described. Results: Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric effects associated with kratom use were especially notable, and in-utero exposure accompanied concern regarding a neonate's risk for developing neonatal abstinence syndrome. Our ability to identify and understand the role of this herb in kratom-associated fatalities is complicated since kratom is not routinely screened for in standard forensic toxicology. If a screening is performed, it is usually for the major alkaloid, mitragynine, as a surrogate for kratom use. In addition to lacking a standard practice of screening decedents for kratom alkaloids, the association between mortality and kratom use may be confounded by polysubstance use, adulteration of kratom products, and drug-herb interactions. Conclusions: Increasing medical awareness of this herb is vital to ensuring prompt administration of best-practice medical advice or treatment for people seeking information related to kratom use or for patients experiencing an adverse health effect that may be associated with using or withdrawing from kratom. Knowledge gained from continued surveillance and study of kratom and its associated health effects may assist in guiding clinical decision-making and preventing development of adverse health effects among people using kratom.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.