Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35645342›Full record

ArticleJournal of learning disabilities

Which Students With Disabilities are Placed Primarily Outside of U.S. Elementary School General Education Classrooms?

Paul L Morgan, Adrienne D Woods, Yangyang Wang, George Farkas, Marianne M Hillemeier, Cynthia Mitchell

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of learning disabilities. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Paul L MorganThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9347-6486
Adrienne D WoodsThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1101-6975
Yangyang WangThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
George FarkasUniversity of California, Irvine, USA.
Marianne M HillemeierThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
Cynthia MitchellThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.

Funding

The Population Research Institute: Development CoreP2CHD041025 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Sarah Damaske · 2016 to 2026
$9.0M
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Students with disabilities (SWD) who are Black or Hispanic have been reported to be more likely to be placed primarily outside of general education classrooms while attending U.S. schools. Federal law and regulation require monitoring of special education placement based on race or ethnicity. Yet, whether and to what extent racial or ethnic disparities in placement are explained by bias or by other explanatory factors is currently unclear. We evaluated for racial and ethnic bias in special education placement by analyzing longitudinal data from two independent samples of SWD (

Indexed as

Children with DisabilitiesEducation, SpecialEthnicityBlack or African AmericanChildChild, PreschoolHispanic or LatinoHumansSchoolsStudentsUnited Statesdisparitieslongitudinalracial/ethnic minoritiessignificant disproportionalityspecial educationstudents with disabilities

Identifiers

PMID35645342
PMCPMC10090523

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.