Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35644908›Full record

ArticleHealth expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy2022

The role of advocacy and empowerment in shaping service development for families raising children with developmental disabilities.

Zsofia Szlamka, Bethlehem Tekola, Rosa Hoekstra, Charlotte Hanlon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. What I Wish I Had Known: Examining Parent Accounts of Managing the Health of Their Child With Intellectual Disability.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  11. The burden of global outbreaks: Photos of the daily lives of children with congenital Zika syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The role of advocacy and empowerment in shaping service development for families raising children with developmental disabilities.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zsofia SzlamkaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1677-0811
Bethlehem TekolaDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7641-1517
Rosa HoekstraDepartment of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1333-9762
Charlotte HanlonDepartment of Health Services and Population Research, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7937-3226

Funding

National Institute of Health Research GHRU 16/136/54National Institute of Health Research NIHR200842
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEmpowerment of families raising children with developmental disabilities (DDs) is essential to achieving rights-based service development.

methodsIn this qualitative study, we investigated stakeholder perceptions on the role of advocacy and empowerment in developing caregiver interventions for families of children with DDs in a global context. Participants had experience with at least one intervention, namely the Caregiver Skills Training developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Participants were clinicians, caregivers and researchers representing five continents, and representatives of WHO and Autism Speaks. Two focus group discussions and 25 individual interviews were conducted. Data were analysed thematically.

resultsThree themes were developed: empowerment as independence and as a right; the role and practices of advocacy; and using evidence to drive advocacy. Many professional participants defined empowerment within the realms of their expertise, focusing on caregivers' individual skills and self-confidence. Caregivers expressed that this expert-oriented view fails to acknowledge their intuitive knowledge and the need for community-level empowerment. Participants discussed the challenges of advocacy in light of competing health priorities. The gap between the rights of caregivers and the availability of services, for example, evidence-based interventions, was highlighted as problematic. Scientific evidence was identified as a key for advocacy.

conclusionRights-orientated empowerment of caregivers and advocacy may make vital contributions to service development for children with DDs in contexts worldwide. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Research questions were revised based on views presented during focus group discussions. Participant feedback on preliminary themes informed the development of the interview guides.

Indexed as

Child AdvocacyDelivery of Health CareDevelopmental DisabilitiesEmpowermentCaregiversChildFamilyFocus GroupsHumansInternationalityPatient AdvocacyQualitative Researchadvocacydevelopmental disabilitiesdevelopmental disordersempowermentrights-based approachesservice development

Identifiers

PMID35644908
PMCPMC9327816

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.