ArticleHarm reduction journal2022
Best practices for community-based overdose education and naloxone distribution programs: results from using the Delphi approach.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recruiting a National Sample of First Response Agencies to Participate in an Overdose Prevention Research Project: Randomized Controlled Trial and Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Organize and mobilize for implementation effectiveness to improve overdose education and naloxone distribution from syringe services programs: a randomized controlled trial.Implementation science : IS · 2024Trial
- Mapping needles, reducing harm: Findings from a geospatial, community-based needle collection and naloxone training initiative in Saskatchewan, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A mixed-methods evaluation of a statewide naloxone distribution project: considerations for future implementation of opioid overdose prevention initiatives.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to understand college health administrator perceptions on adopting and implementing opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs among universities nationally.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Reach of Community-Selected Strategies to Reduce Opioid-Related Overdose Deaths in the HEALing Communities Study.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Feasibility of a Community-Based Youth Focused Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Program.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Assessment of knowledge and behaviors of an opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution program during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Community alcohol sales and opioid poisoning deaths: Alcohol serving space as a harm reduction opportunity.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Financial barriers, facilitators, and strategies among syringe services programs in the U.S., and their impact on implementation and health outcomes.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2024Article
- Take-Home Naloxone Access and Use among Older Adults Living with Pain: A Scoping Review.The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy · 2024Article
- Scaling up! Staff e-learning for a national take-home naloxone program.Frontiers in digital health · 2024Article
- Article
- Guidance on take-home naloxone distribution and use by community overdose responders in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- "We Have a Moral Commitment to the Community to Sustain It": Exploring Determinants of Strategy Sustainment After the HEALing Communities Study.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOpioid-related overdose deaths have surged in the USA over the last two decades. Overdose fatalities are preventable with the timely administration of naloxone. Syringe service programs (SSP) have pioneered community-based naloxone distribution through overdose prevention and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs. There is a dearth of information with regards to best practices for community-based OEND.
methodsWe utilized a modified Delphi approach to develop a set of best practices for OEND delivery. Starting with an initial list of best practices, we engaged 27 experts, in the field of OEND programming who reviewed, made recommendations for changes, and assigned a priority to each best practice.
resultsTwo rounds of input resulted in a final list of 20 best practices organized into four categories. The mean priority scores ranged from 1.17 to 2.17 (range 1 to 3). The top 5 ranked best practices were ensuring that SSP participants have low barrier, consistent, needs-based access to naloxone and that there is ample naloxone available within communities. While the remaining fifteen best practices were deemed important, they had more to do with organizational culture and implementation climate.
conclusionsIncreasing community-based OEND delivery is essential to reduce opioid overdose deaths; however, it will be insufficient to add programs without an eye toward quality of implementation and fidelity to the model upon which the evidence is based. This list of best practices summarizes the consensus among OEND experts and can serve as a tool for SSPs providing OEND programming to improve services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.