ReviewCell death & disease2022
The role of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the corneal epithelium: recent updates.
Review in Cell death & disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal nerve regeneration: treatments and monitoring approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Antioxidant and anti-senescence supramolecular complexes for managing dry eye diseases.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Versatile Microgel Platform for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy: Targeting Pericyte-Mediated Fibrosis and Protecting Nucleus Pulposus Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Animals: A Systematic Analysis from Signaling Pathways to Biological Effects.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Pathways of Wound Healing: From Hemostasis to Scar-Free Regeneration.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: molecular crossroads in tumorigenesis and therapeutic innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Application and Single-Cell Regulation Mechanism of Engineered EVs Combined With 4D-Printed Hydrogel for Infected Burn Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrated Analysis of mRNA and microRNA Expression in Corneal Impression Cytology Samples from Patients withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tea tree oil action on human corneal epithelial cells biological activity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Cell apoptosis in ischemic stroke: Focus on lipid metabolism.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Consensus on the Management of Inavolisib Side Effects. A Survey on Defined Side Effects, the Assumed Pathomechanism, Preventative and/or Therapeutic Measures Including the Integration of Additional Health Care Professionals - a Consensus Paper.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Myrtenol from Lavender Essential Oil Possesses Neuroprotective Effects and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth by Potentially Targeting TrkA and IGF-1R in PC12 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Potential of Zinc-L-Selenomethionine to Improve the Health of Weaned Piglets and Its Antioxidant Stress Mechanism Through Modulation of PI3K/AKT and Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Crucial involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling regulation by miR-204-5p in cataract and posterior capsular opacification.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Molecular Pathways Driving Corneal Neovascularization in Herpes Simplex Keratitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Loss of Akt3 enhances antiviral immunity while disrupting corneal homeostasis during ocular HSV-1 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- 5-methoxyresorcinol mitigates postmenopausal osteoporosis through regulation of the PI3K-AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway and ROS homeostasis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Managing dry eye disease - a review of selected traditional Chinese medicine and some of their metabolites focusing on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: Investigating Inflammatory Mechanisms.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Repair of Corneal Epithelial Defects.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also called protein kinase B, PKB) signalling regulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, and telomere activity. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) are the outermost cells of the cornea; they maintain good optical performance and act as a physical and immune barrier. Various growth factors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), neurokinin 1 (NK-1), and insulin activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by binding their receptors and promote antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and migratory functions and wound healing in the corneal epithelium (CE). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate apoptosis and inflammation in CECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Extreme environments induce excess ROS accumulation, inhibit PI3K/AKT, and cause apoptosis and inflammation in CECs. However, at low or moderate levels, ROS activate PI3K/AKT signalling, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation of healthy CECs. Diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia directly inhibit PI3K/AKT signalling by increasing ROS and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels or suppressing the expression of growth factors receptors and cause diabetic keratopathy (DK) in CECs. Similarly, hyperosmolarity and ROS accumulation suppress PI3K/AKT signalling in dry eye disease (DED). However, significant overactivation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates inflammation in CECs, is observed in both infectious and noninfectious keratitis. Overall, upon activation by growth factors and NK-1, PI3K/AKT signalling promotes the proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of CECs, and these processes can be regulated by ROS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is inhibited in CECs from individuals with DK and DED, but is overactivated by keratitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.