ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2022
Differences in environmental stability among SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: both omicron BA.1 and BA.2 have higher stability.
Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Synergistic control of viral persistence via wettability and ion release on antiviral coatings.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Climatic Influence on COVID-19: Investigating the Role of Temperature and Humidity in the Spread of the Omicron Variant.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Peptide Probe-Based NanoLC-MS/MS PRM for Ultrasensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins in Environmental Samples.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Surface Contamination and Viable Virus in High-Ventilation Single Rooms: Implications for Fomite Transmission.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Article
- A rapid and accurate protocol for quantifying livingMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission via the skin to oro-nasal route with the production of bioaerosols in the ferret model.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel peptidomimetic inhibitors of the coronavirus 3C-like protease.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children: experts' consensus statement updated for the Omicron variant.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Contamination on Healthy Individuals' Hands in Community Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Cureus · 2024Article
- Evolution of enhanced innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Research progress on environmental stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Validating the inactivation of viral pathogens with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 to safely transfer samples from high-containment laboratories.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Virological Characteristics of Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Including Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5.Viruses · 2023Article
- A comparative study on the persistence and viability of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron variant on artificially contaminated surfaces: the role of fomites.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far.Pathogens and global health · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 transmission modes: Why and how contamination occurs around shared meals and drinks?Food microbiology · 2023Review
- Development and efficacy assessment of hand sanitizers and polylactic acid films incorporating caffeic acid and vanillin for enhanced antiviral properties against HCoV-229E.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Modelling the viral dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in different cell types.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe increased infectivity and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) could cause significant human and economic damage. Hence, understanding their characteristics is crucial to control infection. We evaluated the environmental stability of the Wuhan strain and all VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 variants) on plastic and human skin surfaces and their disinfection efficacy.
methodsTo evaluate environmental stability, residual virus titres on plastic and human skin surfaces were measured over time. Their survival time and half-life were calculated using regression analysis. The effectiveness of ethanol-based disinfectants at different concentrations was determined by in vitro and ex vivo evaluations.
resultsOn plastic and skin surfaces, the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants exhibited approximately two-fold longer survival times than the Wuhan strain; the Omicron variants had the longest survival time. The median survival times of the Wuhan strain and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) variants on human skin surface were 8.6, 19.6, 19.1, 11.0, 16.8, 21.1, and 22.5 h, respectively. The in vitro evaluation showed that the Wuhan strain and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) variants were completely inactivated within 15 s by 32.5%, 35%, 35%, 32.5%, 35%, 40%, and 40% ethanol, respectively. However, all viruses on human skin were completely inactivated by exposure to 35% ethanol for 15 s.
conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 VOCs, especially the Omicron variants, have higher environmental stability than the Wuhan strain, increasing their transmission risk and contributing to their spread.
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