ArticlePloS one2022
backbone: An R package to extract network backbones.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-occurrence is associated with horizontal gene transfer across marine bacteria independent of phylogeny.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- A Dataset Showing a Century of Evolution in the Complexity of the United States Legal Code.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Co-occurrence is associated with horizontal gene transfer across marine bacteria independent of phylogeny.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Open-access network science: Investigating phonological similarity networks based on the SUBTLEX-US lexicon.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Graph modeling of relational structures among functioning variables with low back pain: an exploratory analysis based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Interpretation of course conceptual structure and student self-efficacy: an integrated strategy of knowledge graphs with item response modeling.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Article
- Illustrating the importance of edge constraints in backbones of bipartite projections.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Use Patterns of Smartphone Apps and Wearable Devices Supporting Physical Activity and Exercise: Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Survey.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Article
- An evaluation tool for backbone extraction techniques in weighted complex networks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Understanding Global Rice Trade Flows: Network Evolution and Implications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Identifying the phonological backbone in the mental lexicon.PloS one · 2023Article
- Democratic governance and global science: A longitudinal analysis of the international research collaboration network.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Networks are useful for representing phenomena in a broad range of domains. Although their ability to represent complexity can be a virtue, it is sometimes useful to focus on a simplified network that contains only the most important edges: the backbone. This paper introduces and demonstrates a substantially expanded version of the backbone package for R, which now provides methods for extracting backbones from weighted networks, weighted bipartite projections, and unweighted networks. For each type of network, fully replicable code is presented first for small toy examples, then for complete empirical examples using transportation, political, and social networks. The paper also demonstrates the implications of several issues of statistical inference that arise in backbone extraction. It concludes by briefly reviewing existing applications of backbone extraction using the backbone package, and future directions for research on network backbone extraction.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.