ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2023
The Nicaraguan Pediatric Influenza Cohort Study, 2011-2019: Influenza Incidence, Seasonality, and Transmission.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological characteristics analysis of childhood influenza A virus infections in Hebei, China (2020-2024).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Tracking the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Nicaragua throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vaccination against rapidly evolving pathogens and the entanglements of memory.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Increased influenza severity in children in the wake of SARS-CoV-2.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- High Co-circulation of Influenza and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pediatric burden and seasonality of human metapneumovirus over 5 years in Managua, Nicaragua.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- High co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren account for a large portion of global influenza burden and transmission, and a better understanding of influenza in children is needed to improve prevention and control strategies.
methodsTo examine the incidence and transmission of influenza we conducted a prospective community-based study of children aged 0-14 years in Managua, Nicaragua, between 2011 and 2019. Participants were provided with medical care through study physicians and symptomatic influenza was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Wavelet analyses were used to examine seasonality. Generalized growth models (GGMs) were used to estimate effective reproduction numbers.
resultsFrom 2011 to 2019, 3016 children participated, with an average of ∼1800 participants per year and median follow-up time of 5 years per child, and 48.3% of the cohort in 2019 had been enrolled their entire lives. The overall incidence rates per 100 person-years were 14.5 symptomatic influenza cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.9-15.1) and 1.0 influenza-associated acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) case (95% CI: .8-1.1). Symptomatic influenza incidence peaked at age 9-11 months. Infants born during peak influenza circulation had lower incidence in the first year of their lives. The mean effective reproduction number was 1.2 (range 1.02-1.49), and we observed significant annual patterns for influenza and influenza A, and a 2.5-year period for influenza B.
conclusionsThis study provides important information for understanding influenza epidemiology and informing influenza vaccine policy. These results will aid in informing strategies to reduce the burden of influenza.
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