ArticleNucleic acids research2022
PADLOC: a web server for the identification of antiviral defence systems in microbial genomes.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers.
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156 citing papers in PubMed.
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- High-throughput recovery of integron cassettes for gene discovery screens.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Phage bioinformatics tools: a review of computational approaches for bacteriophage research.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- RNase-mediated defence and its association with SCCmec in Staphylococcus aureus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Inhibition by ATP regulates the activity of a CBASS anti-phage nucleotide cyclase.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- A UG5 reverse transcriptase-nitrilase antiviral module confers phage immunity in the plant symbiontMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
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- Whole genome sequence-based comparative genomics reveals preliminary genomic features of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 1 and phage type 4 strains from EnteroBase.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- A DNA damage-activated kinase phosphorylates a transcriptional repressor to control bacterial immune pathway expression.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Genetic engineering ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Bacteria-phage coevolution drives variation in bacterial wilt disease incidence via resistance-virulence trade-offs.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative genomics and methylome profiling ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- A syntenic pangenome of Gardnerella reveals novel plasmids and phage, taxonomic boundaries, and species-level stratification of metabolic and virulence potential.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A Novel Lytic Podovirus AP-20-A InfectingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A bacterial CARD-NLR-like immune system controls the release of gene transfer agents.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most bacteria and archaea possess multiple antiviral defence systems that protect against infection by phages, archaeal viruses and mobile genetic elements. Our understanding of the diversity of defence systems has increased greatly in the last few years, and many more systems likely await discovery. To identify defence-related genes, we recently developed the Prokaryotic Antiviral Defence LOCator (PADLOC) bioinformatics tool. To increase the accessibility of PADLOC, we describe here the PADLOC web server (freely available at https://padloc.otago.ac.nz), allowing users to analyse whole genomes, metagenomic contigs, plasmids, phages and archaeal viruses. The web server includes a more than 5-fold increase in defence system types detected (since the first release) and expanded functionality enabling detection of CRISPR arrays and retron ncRNAs. Here, we provide user information such as input options, description of the multiple outputs, limitations and considerations for interpretation of the results, and guidance for subsequent analyses. The PADLOC web server also houses a precomputed database of the defence systems in > 230,000 RefSeq genomes. These data reveal two taxa, Campylobacterota and Spriochaetota, with unusual defence system diversity and abundance. Overall, the PADLOC web server provides a convenient and accessible resource for the detection of antiviral defence systems.
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