ArticleInfection2022
Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in Germany: incidence and distribution among specific infections and mortality: an epidemiological analysis using real-world data.
Article in Infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections and Fungemia Among High-Risk Pediatric Patients Receiving Empirical Antifungal Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Article
- Development of a predictive model using automated machine learning for Carbapenem-resistant Organisms (CRO) infections in hospitalized patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Epidemiology of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Efficacy of Inhaled Colistin via Two Nebulizer Types in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: Prospective Randomized Trial.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection in intensive care unit patients: Antibiotic resistance analysis and predictive model development.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Risk Factors for Carbapenem Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria (CR-GNB) Carriage Upon Admission to the Gastroenterology Department in a Tertiary First Class Hospital of China: Development and Assessment of a New Predictive Nomogram.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeInfections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (in Germany classified as 4MRGN) are a growing threat in clinical care. This study was undertaken to understand the overall burden of 4MRGN infections in Germany in the context of a Health Technology Appraisal (HTA) for Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ/AVI). Besides, the incidences mortality was an endpoint of interest.
methodsTo assess infections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria and related mortality, three different data sources have been used. From the German statistics office (DESTATIS) data have been retrieved to obtain the overall frequency these pathogens. Via two other databases, the German analysis database (DADB) and a Benchmarking of > 200 hospitals in a representative sample (BM-DB), the distribution of the infections and the mortality have been analyzed.
resultsDESTATIS data showed a total of 11,863 carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria codings, of which 10,348 represent infections and 1515 carriers. The most frequent infections were complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) (n = 2,337), followed by pneumonia (n = 1006) and intra-abdominal infections (n = 730). A considerable amount of patients had multiple infections in one hospital episode (n = 1258). In-hospital mortality was 18.6% in DADB and 14.3% in the BM-DB population, respectively. In cases with additional bloodstream infections, DADB mortality was correspondingly higher at 33.0%. DADB data showed an incremental mortality increase of 5.7% after 30 days and 10.0% after 90 days resulting in a cumulative 90 day mortality of 34.3%.
conclusionsInfections with carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are still rare (6.8-12.4 per 100,000) but show a significant increase in mortality compared to infections with more sensitive pathogens. Using different data sources allowed obtaining a realistic picture.
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