ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2022
Racial and ethnic and income disparities in COVID-19 vaccination among Medicare beneficiaries.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Greater Improvements in Vaccination Outcomes Among Black Young Adults With Vaccine-Resistant Attitudes in the United States South Following a Digital Health Intervention: Latent Profile Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Trial
- Associating Race, Income, and Discrimination with COVID-19 Vaccine Status, Hesitancy, and Access in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Intention and Uptake by July 2022 in Wisconsin.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Associated Outcomes in Patients with Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Analysis of National Inpatient Sample 2020-2022.Neurocritical care · 2025Article
- Ambulatory Care Sensitive Hospitalizations and Disparities Among Older Adults With Dementia Before and During the Pandemic.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Observational
- Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among vulnerable communities in Texas: Perceptions of 2-1-1 helpline callers.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions.Vaccine · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Underserved Racial/Ethnic Minority People Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Low parental income level is associated with pediatric COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the San Francisco Bay area.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Multidimensional Demographic Analyses of COVID-19 Vaccine Inequality in the United States: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disparities in Vaccination Amongst Socially Vulnerable Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Early COVID-19 Vaccine Initiation and Completion Among Cancer Survivors and Barriers to Vaccine Completion: Implications for Future COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Rates.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- The impact of COVID-19 vaccination rate on traffic recovery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Public Health: Addressing Global, Regional, and Within-Country Inequalities.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19-Related Hospitalizations: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Increased disease severity during COVID-19 related hospitalization in black non-hispanic, hispanic and medicaid-insured young children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Behavioral Predictors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Korea.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlder adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the widespread availability and proved effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, the issue of inequity in vaccine uptake in the United States is a potential concern among different populations. This study examined racial and ethnic and income disparities in COVID-19 vaccination rate among Medicare beneficiaries.
methodsData from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) COVID-19 Winter 2021 Community Supplement were employed (n = 9606 Medicare beneficiaries, weighted N = 50,512,963). We fitted a logistic regression model to determine the association of vaccination status with beneficiary race and ethnicity and income, after controlled for a set of beneficiary characteristics.
resultsCompared with non-Hispanic White respondents, Hispanic respondents (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.96, p = 0.02) and Black respondents (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04, p = 0.11) were less likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccine uptake for beneficiaries who earn less than $25,000 per year was more than 50% lower than that for those whose annual income was $25,000 or more (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.37-0.53, p < 0.0001).
conclusionsRacial and ethnic and income disparities exist in COVID-19 vaccination rate among Medicare beneficiaries nationally. Community-based strategies to boost vaccine uptake may target racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups to reduce such disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.