Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35637915›Full record

ArticlePersonalized medicine in psychiatry2017

Identification of biotypes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a report from a randomized, controlled trial.

John E Leikauf, Kristi R Griffiths, Manish Saggar, David S Hong, Simon Clarke, Daryl Efron, Tracey W Tsang, Daniel F Hermens, Michael R Kohn, Leanne M Williams

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Personalized medicine in psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 38% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Toward Precision Medicine in ADHD.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

John E LeikaufDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Kristi R GriffithsBrain Dynamics Center, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Manish SaggarDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
David S HongDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Simon ClarkeWestmead Hospital & The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Daryl EfronDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Tracey W TsangBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Daniel F HermensBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Michael R KohnWestmead Hospital & The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Leanne M WilliamsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Rd, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Stanford University · USThe University of Sydney · AUWestmead Hospital · AUThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

TRAINING FOR CHILD PSYCHIATRY AND CHILD DEVELOPMENTT32MH019908 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI IAN H GOTLIB, DAVID S HONG · 1993 to 2026
$6.3M
NIMH NIH HHS L40 MH111091NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Current subtypes lack longitudinal stability or prognostic utility. We aimed to identify data-driven biotypes using multiple cognitive measures, then to validate these biotypes using EEG, ECG, and clinical response to atomoxetine as external validators. Study design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of atomoxetine including 116 subjects ages 6 through 17 with diagnosis of ADHD and 56 typically developing controls. Initial features for unsupervised machine learning included a cognitive battery with 20 measures affected in ADHD. External validators included baseline mechanistic validators (using electroencephalogram/EEG and electrocardiogram/ECG) and clinical response (ADHD Rating Scale and correlation with cognitive change). One biotype, labeled impulsive cognition, was characterized by increased errors of commission and shorter reaction time, had greater EEG slow wave (theta/delta) power and greater resting heart rate. The second biotype, labeled inattentive cognition, was characterized by longer/more variable reaction time and errors of omission, had lower EEG fast wave (beta) power, resting heart rate that did not differ from controls, and a strong correlation (

Indexed as

ADHDArousalAtomoxetineBiotypeCognitionEEGMachine learning

Identifiers

PMID35637915
PMCPMC9148272
OpenAlexW2595899145

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.