ArticleMaterials today. Bio2022
Cellular uptake, tissue penetration, biodistribution, and biosafety of threose nucleic acids: Assessing in vitro and in vivo delivery.
Article in Materials today. Bio, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamism and evolvability in nucleic acid enzymes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Modulating G-quadruplexes for therapeutic intervention: Structural diversity, stability, and emerging nucleic-acid-based strategies.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Dimensional control of DNA nanostructures enhances cellular uptake and guides tissue-regenerative responses.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The concurrent silencing of Tim-3 and STAT-3 promotes tumor regression both in vitro and in ovo.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- TNA-Mediated Antisense Strategy to Knockdown Akt Genes for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy.Small methods · 2024Article
- Potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of SMA.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Compared with siRNAs or other antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), the chemical simplicity, DNA/RNA binding capability, folding ability of tertiary structure, and excellent physiological stability of threose nucleic acid (TNA) motivate scientists to explore it as a novel molecular tool in biomedical applications. Although ASOs reach the target cells/tumors, insufficient tissue penetration and distribution of ASOs result in poor therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the study of the time course of drug absorption, biodistribution, metabolism, and excretion is of significantly importance. In this work, the pharmacokinetics and biosafety of TNAs in living organisms are investigated. We found that synthetic TNAs exhibited excellent biological stability, low cytotoxicity, and substantial uptake in living cells without transfection. Using U87 three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroids to mimic the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.