SynthesisJournal of immunology research2022
Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors versus Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of immunology research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Interim survival analysis of the randomized phase III GEMSTONE-302 trial: sugemalimab or placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC.Nature cancer · 2023Trial
- Review
- Safety of bronchial artery infusion immunotherapy: from comparative analysis in beagle canines to clinical validation.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The impact of sarcopenia on the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and potential strategies to overcome resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Plus Etoposide with Cisplatin/Carboplatin in the First-Line Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Phase II Clinical Study.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Radionecrosis mimicking pseudo‑progression in a patient with lung cancer and brain metastasis following the combination of anti‑PD‑1 therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery: A case report.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Apolipoprotein C1 promotes tumor progression in gastric cancer.Oncology research · 2023Article
- Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in EGFR mutation-positive patients with NSCLC and brain metastases who have failed EGFR-TKI therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used to treat local or metastatic lung cancer. However, the efficacy of ICI in patients with brain metastases (BM) from lung cancer is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs compared with chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer with BM. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched. The meta-analysis assessed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors axis and its relationship with pathological type, drug modality, and the treatment line number in patients with BM from lung cancer. We included 694 patients with BM from lung cancer from 11 randomized controlled trials. Statistical analysis showed that compared with chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors could significantly prolong OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95%confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.51-0.99) and PFS (HR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.51-0.80). In the subgroup analysis, ICIs plus chemotherapy improved PFS (HR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.40-0.80), but not OS (HR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.30-1.19). The efficacy of ICI monotherapy in patients with BM was significantly different between OS and PFS: OS pooled HR = 0.81 (95%CI = 0.57-1.05) and PFS = 0.78 (95%CI = 0.62-0.94). Among different pathological types, the OS pooled HR was 0.67 (95%CI = 0.39-0.95) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 0.94 (95%CI = 0.56-1.33) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC); the PFS pooled HR was 0.58 (95%CI = 0.39-0.76) for NSCLC and 0.79 (95%CI = 0.65-0.93) for SCLC. Subgroups analysis of treatment line showed that no advantage for OS with ICIs as first-line or subsequent-line therapy, whereas ICIs as first-line (HR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.53-0.74) and second-line (HR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.62-0.96) benefitted PFS. This meta-analysis implied that compared with chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly improved efficacy treatment of patients with BM from lung cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of ICIs in different pathological types and drug treatment modalities.
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