ReviewInfectious agents and cancer2022
Multiple pathogens and prostate cancer.
Review in Infectious agents and cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review.European urology · 2023Pooled it
- Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Temporal trends, future projections, and burden of early-onset genitourinary cancers in Asia from 1990 to 2023: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Microbial Genomic Consortia in Prostate Cancer: Mechanistic Signaling, the Gut-Prostate Axis, and Translational Perspectives.Cancers · 2026Review
- Relationship between infection or inflammation of prostate and risk of prostate cancer: a cross-sectional population-based study.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Unravelling prostate cancer risk and protective factors among urology patients in a Tanzanian population.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Insights Into Infections and Inflammation in Prostate Cancer Development and Management: An Overview.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Article
- A Comparative Metabolomics Study of Multiple Urological Diseases by Highly Sensitive Dansylation Isotope Labeling LC-MS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A review of the carcinogenic potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) in urological cancers.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Reprogramming prostate cancer through the microbiome.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Prostate and urinary microbiomes in prostate cancer development: focus onFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Microbiome-metabolome dysbiosis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The Role of the Skin Microbiome in Acne: Challenges and Future Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Mendelian randomization evidence based on European ancestry for the causal effects of leukocyte telomere length on prostate cancer.Human genomics · 2024Article
- Differential analysis of histopathological and genetic markers of cancer aggressiveness, and survival difference in EBV-positive and EBV-negative prostate carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Dual Threat: How Microbial Infections and Healthcare Deficiencies Fuel Cervical and Prostate Cancer Deaths in Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Genomic alterations related to HPV infection status in a cohort of Chinese prostate cancer patients.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this review is to consider whether multiple pathogens have roles in prostate cancer.
methodsWe have reviewed case control studies in which infectious pathogens in prostate cancer were compared to normal and benign prostate tissues. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.
resultsWe confirmed that high risk human papilloma viruses are a probable cause of prostate cancer. We judged Escherichia coli, Cutibacterium acnes, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Herpes simplex, Epstein Barr virus and Mycoplasmas as each having possible but unproven roles in chronic prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer. We judged Cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and the Polyoma viruses as possible but unlikely to have a role in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIONS: The most influential cause of prostate cancer appears to be infection induced chronic inflammation. Given the high prevalence of prostate cancer it is important for action to can be taken without waiting for additional conclusive evidence. These include: 1. Encouragement of all boys (as well as girls) to have HPV vaccines 2. The vigorous use of antibiotics to treat all bacterial pathogens identified in the urogenital tract 3. The use of antiviral medications to control herpes infections 4. Education about safe sexual practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.