ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2022
Label free detection of SARS CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) protein by fabrication of gold nanorods deposited on electrochemical immunosensor (GDEI).
Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gold-graphene based nanofiber biosensor for selective electrochemical identification of CD105-positive canine mesenchymal stem cells.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Article
- Demonstration and structural basis of a therapeutic DNA aptamer for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Nanopore-based sensing for biomarker detection: from fundamental principles to translational diagnostics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Rapid detection of African swine fever virus via SERS probe-modified sandwich hybridization assay.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- Gold nanoparticles-based biosensors: pioneering solutions for bacterial and viral pathogen detection-a comprehensive review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- Rapid and on-site wireless immunoassay of respiratory virus aerosols via hydrogel-modulated resonators.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Au/PANI@PtCu-based electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive determination of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- Advances in nanobiosensors during the COVID-19 pandemic and future perspectives for the post-COVID era.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Electrochemical Label-free Methods for Ultrasensitive Multiplex Protein Profiling of Infectious Diseases.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Impact of nanotechnology on conventional and artificial intelligence-based biosensing strategies for the detection of viruses.Discover nano · 2023Review
- Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives.Chemical science · 2023Review
- Ultrasensitive and amplification-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using an electrochemical biosensor powered by CRISPR/Cas13a.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Gold Nanoparticle-Based Plasmonic Biosensors.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Highly Sensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Microgel-based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein.Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES · 2023Article
- Emerging Trends and Recent Progress of MXene as a Promising 2D Material for Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Development of nucleic acid based lateral flow assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection.Journal of bioscience and bioengineering · 2023Article
- Gold nanoparticle conjugate-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection of RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples using a smartphone-based application.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Emerging 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures for efficient point-of-care biosensing.Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2022Article
- Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensing platform between g-CBiosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Immuno-chromatic probe based lateral flow assay for point-of-care detection of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 protein biomarker in clinical samples using a smartphone-based approach.Nanoscale advances · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown the need for early diagnosis to manage infectious disease outbreaks. Here, we report a label free electrochemical Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Immunosensor coupled with gold nanorods (GNRs) as an electron carrier for ultrasensitive detection of the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2 Spike protein. The RBD gene was cloned, and expressed in-house with confirmed molecular weight of ∼31 kDa via Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF). RBD antibodies (Ab) were generated to be used as a bioreceptor for sensor fabrication, and characterized using SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). GNRs were fabricated on the electrode surface, followed by immobilization of RBD Ab. The conjugation steps were confirmed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The fabricated electrode was further optimized for maximum efficiency and output. The detection limit of the developed electrode was determined as 0.73 fM for RBD antigen (Ag). Furthermore, the patient nasopharyngeal samples were collected in Viral Transport Media (VTM), and tested on the sensor surface that resulted in detection of SARS CoV-2 within 30 s, which was further validated via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, the immunosensor showed good repeatability, storage stability, and minimal cross reactivity against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) spike protein. Along with ease of fabrication, the electrodes show future miniaturization potential for extensive and rapid screening of populations for COVID-19.
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