ReviewPolish journal of microbiology2022
Should Bacteriophages Be Classified as Parasites or Predators?
Review in Polish journal of microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of defensome genes and mobile genetic Elements in different types of pasture soil agroecosystems from the Brazilian Amazon.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophages in the treatment of cutaneous infections and skin disorders: therapeutic advances and future directions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Prophage: agent provocateur?Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Isolation and Characterization of the New Lytic Bacteriophage KEC4 AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Management of Diabetic Foot Infections Using Phage Therapy.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- The first thermophilic phage display system.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- What, how, and why? - anti-EHEC phages and their application potential in medicine and food industry.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Review
- Biodiversity of microorganisms in the Baltic Sea: the power of novel methods in the identification of marine microbes.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Bacteriophage DNA induces an interrupted immune response during phage therapy in a chicken model.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Thinking Phage Innovations Through Evolution and Ecology.PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Bacteriophages-Dangerous Viruses Acting Incognito or Underestimated Saviors in the Fight against Bacteria?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Phage-encoded depolymerases as a strategy for combating multidrug-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- A novelFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Propagation, Purification, and Characterization of Bacteriophages for Phage Therapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Four NovelViruses · 2023Article
- Article
- An overview of the use of bacteriophages in the poultry industry: Successes, challenges, and possibilities for overcoming breakdowns.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Bacteriophage and Bacterial Susceptibility, Resistance, and Tolerance to Antibiotics.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Biological aspects of phage therapy versus antibiotics againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacteria and propagating in bacterial cells. They were discovered over 100 years ago, and for decades they played crucial roles as models in genetics and molecular biology and as tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Now we also recognize their huge role in natural environment and their importance in human health and disease. Despite our understanding of bacteriophage mechanisms of development, these viruses are described as parasites or predators in the literature. From the biological point of view, there are fundamental differences between parasites and predators. Therefore, in this article, I asked whether bacteriophages should be classified as former or latter biological entities. Analysis of the literature and biological definitions led me to conclude that bacteriophages are parasites rather than predators and should be classified and described as such. If even more precise ecological classification is needed, bacteriophages can perhaps be included in the group of parasitoids. It might be the most appropriate formal classification of these viruses, especially if strictly virulent phages are considered, contrary to phages which lysogenize host cells and those which develop according to the permanent infection mode (or chronic cycle, like filamentous phages) revealing features of classical parasites.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.