Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35633545›Full record

ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2022

Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure from Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer in Public Healthcare of Malaysia.

Sivaraj Raman, Asrul Akmal Shafie, Mannil Thomas Abraham, Chen Kiong Shim, Thaddius Herman Maling, Senthilmani Rajendran, Sok Ching Cheong

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sivaraj RamanDiscipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-2010-5593
Asrul Akmal ShafieInstitutional Planning and Strategic Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-5629-9270
Mannil Thomas AbrahamOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health, Klang, Selangor Malaysia.
Chen Kiong ShimOral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health, Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia.
Thaddius Herman MalingSamarahan Divisional Dental Office, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Senthilmani RajendranDigital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-5601-0695
Sok Ching CheongDigital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-6765-9542
Universiti Sains Malaysia · MYMinistry of Health · MYUniversity of Malaya · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOral cancer causes a significant disease burden and financial distress, especially among disadvantaged groups. While Malaysia has achieved universal health coverage via its highly subsidized public healthcare, patient and family expenditure for treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer remains a concern in the equitability of care. This study thus aims to estimate household out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and the extent of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) while identifying its predictors.

methodsThis three-part study consists of a cross-sectional survey to collect sociodemographic and health utilization data of patients, a retrospective medical record abstraction to identify resources consumed, and cost modeling to simulate expenditures in two tertiary public hospitals. Loss of productivity was calculated based on absenteeism related to disease management in the hospital. OOP payments for transport, care in public healthcare facilities, and other healthcare expenditures were tallied. A CHE was defined as OOP spendings of more than 10% from total annual household income. Multivariable logistic regression was further applied to identify the association between sociodemographic factors and the incidence of CHE.

resultsA total of 52 patients with OPMD and 52 with oral cancer were surveyed and medical records were abstracted. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in OOP share over household income between OPMD, early- and late-stage cancer, χ2(2)=51.05, p<0.001, with the mean percentage of 9%, 22%, and 65% respectively. This study found that the prevalence of CHE in the first year of diagnosis was 86.5% for oral cancer and 19.2% for OPMD. Indian ethnicity (OR=6.24, p=0.046) and monthly income group 'less than USD 2,722' (OR=14.32, p=0.023) were shown as significant predictors for CHE.

conclusionsOur study demonstrated the provision of subsidies may not be adequate to shield the more vulnerable group from CHE when they are diagnosed with OPMD and oral cancer.

Indexed as

Health ExpendituresMouth NeoplasmsCatastrophic IllnessCross-Sectional StudiesDelivery of Health CareHumansMalaysiaPovertyRetrospective Studiescatastrophic health expenditureinequalityOPMDoral cancerout-of-pocket

Identifiers

PMID35633545
PMCPMC9587868
OpenAlexW4281631602

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.