ArticleViruses2022
Characterization of Vaccine Breakthrough Cases during Measles Outbreaks in Milan and Surrounding Areas, Italy, 2017-2021.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Onward Virus Transmission after Measles Secondary Vaccination Failure.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Measles and Parainfluenza Viruses Circulating in Humans in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals a previously unrecognized measles virus cluster in Burundi.PloS one · 2026Article
- Measles seropositivity in previously vaccinated individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Impact of measles vaccination on clinical characteristics and outcomes in children in Ramadi, Iraq.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Retrospective Wastewater Tracking of Measles Outbreak in Western Switzerland in Winter 2024.Environmental science & technology letters · 2025Article
- The Effects of Vaccination Status and Age on Clinical Characteristics and Severity of Measles Cases in the United States in the Postelimination Era, 2001-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Ten-year surveillance and epidemiological patterns of measles and rubella: A study in the Babol County.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Breakthrough Measles among Vaccinated Adults Born during the Post-Soviet Transition Period in Mongolia.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Adapting response to a measles outbreak in a context of high vaccination and breakthrough cases: an example from Vaud, Switzerland, January to March 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Serological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with suspect measles, 2017-2022.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Molecular evidence for SARS-CoV-2 in samples collected from patients with morbilliform eruptions since late 2019 in Lombardy, northern Italy.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Low Measles Seropositivity Rate among Thai Adolescents in the Thai National Immunization Program.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Breakthrough Infections: A Challenge towards Measles Elimination?Microorganisms · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the existence of an effective live-attenuated vaccine, measles can appear in vaccinated individuals. We investigated breakthrough measles cases identified during our surveillance activities within the measles/rubella surveillance network (MoRoNet) in Milan and surrounding areas (Northern Italy). Between 2017 and 2021, we confirmed measles virus (genotypes B3 or D8) infections in 653 patients and 51 of these (7.8%) were vaccinees. Among vaccinated individuals whose serum was available, a secondary failure was evidenced in 69.4% (25/36) of cases while 11 patients (30.6%) were non-responders. Non-responders were more frequently hospitalized and had significantly lower Ct values in both respiratory and urine samples. Median age and time since the last immunization were similar in the two groups. Importantly, we identified onward transmissions from vaccine failure cases. Vaccinees were involved in 20 outbreaks, in 10 of them they were able to transmit the virus, and in 8 of them, they were the index case. Comparing viral hemagglutinin sequences from vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects did not show a specific mutation pattern. These results suggest that vaccination failure was likely due to the poor immune response of single individuals and highlights the importance of identifying breakthrough cases and characterizing their clinical and virologic profiles.
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