ArticleViruses2022
Neuroinvasion and Neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the K18-hACE2 Mouse.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05576714 (Investigation of Prognostic Biomarkers, Host Factors and Viral Factors for COVID-19 Associated Encephalopathy/Encephalitis and Multi-systemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of Prognostic Biomarkers, Host Factors and Viral Factors for COVID-19 Associated Encephalopathy/Encephalitis and Multi-systemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 Effects on Respiratory and Neurological Systems: Morphological Findings and Gene Expression in K18-hACE2 Mice Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection changes the transcriptome of the mouse trigeminal ganglion and brainstem: potential mechanisms underlying headache and trigeminal pain presentation in COVID-19.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immunization with MVA-based vaccines protects K18-hACE2 mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated inflammatory lesions in brains.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Conserved CD8 T cell vaccines without B cell epitopes drive robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 that is enhanced by intranasal boost.Science advances · 2025Article
- Using the International Index of Erectile Function-15 in Comparative Analysis Between Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Pudendal Nerve and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction After COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Influences Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Components in Astrocytes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of substantia nigra pars compacta induces expression of miR-330-5p at 10 days post-infection.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Article
- The effect of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir on SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity in severe models of COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variant Infection Dynamics and Pathogenesis in Transgenic K18-hViruses · 2025Article
- Enhancing human ACE2 expression in mouse models to improve COVID-19 research.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Article
- Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Phlorotannin-RichViruses · 2024Article
- Cross-Section of Neurological Manifestations Among SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants-Single-Center Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The Development of Epilepsy Following CNS Viral Infections: Mechanisms.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Upregulation of inflammatory genes and pathways links obesity to severe COVID-19.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2024Article
- The assembly of neutrophil inflammasomes during COVID-19 is mediated by type I interferons.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models.Zoological research · 2024Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only affects the respiratory tract but also causes neurological symptoms such as loss of smell and taste, headache, fatigue or severe cerebrovascular complications. Using transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and pathomorphological features in the CNS following intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as after prior influenza A virus infection. Apart from Omicron, we found all variants to frequently spread to and within the CNS. Infection was restricted to neurons and appeared to spread from the olfactory bulb mainly in basally oriented regions in the brain and into the spinal cord, independent of ACE2 expression and without evidence of neuronal cell death, axonal damage or demyelination. However, microglial activation, microgliosis and a mild macrophage and T cell dominated inflammatory response was consistently observed, accompanied by apoptotic death of endothelial, microglial and immune cells, without their apparent infection. Microgliosis and immune cell apoptosis indicate a potential role of microglia for pathogenesis and viral effect in COVID-19 and the possible impairment of neurological functions, especially in long COVID. These data may also be informative for the selection of therapeutic candidates and broadly support the investigation of agents with adequate penetration into relevant regions of the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.