ReviewViruses2022
Airborne Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: A Review of Past and Present Perspectives.
Review in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease as virulence determinant plays multiple roles in cleaving viral polyprotein and host factors.Virulence · 2026Review
- Baseline serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease using a non-structural protein antibody lateral flow assay in cattle from an foot-and-mouth disease-free region of Indonesia.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Emergence of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype III in Iran: molecular and phylogenetic analysis.Virus genes · 2026Article
- Optimization of environmental air sampling for viral metagenomics in a cave-roosting bat assemblage.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunohistochemical Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Carrier African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer).Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Increased ruminoreticular temperature after simultaneous lumpy skin disease and foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in Hanwoo (Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Management and Biosecurity Practices of Pig Farms in Nepal.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Virus in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Review
- Recombination hotspots and genetic variability in foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes: a comparative genomic and phylogeographic analysis.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of applied foot and mouth disease-providing measures in the Republic of Armenia: A retrospective study.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Demonstrating persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) using BaseScope™ in situ hybridisation.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus: current understandings and knowledge gaps.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particles Produced inVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Heat shock protein A1 inhibits the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus by degrading viral RNA polymerase 3D through chaperone-mediated autophagy.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Current trends and challenges in the management of foot and mouth disease in Saudi Arabia: A review.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Foot-and-mouth disease: genomic and proteomic structure, antigenic sites, serotype relationships, immune evasion, recent vaccine development strategies, and future perspectives.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Emergency response for recently isolated Foot and Mouth Disease virus type A Africa in Egypt 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The primary transmission route for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is by direct contact with infected animals. Yet indirect methods of transmission, such as via the airborne route, have been shown to play an important role in the spread of the disease. Airborne transmission of FMD is referred to as a low probability- high consequence event as a specific set of factors need to coincide to facilitate airborne spread. When conditions are favourable, airborne virus may spread rapidly and cause disease beyond the imposed quarantine zones, thus complicating control measures. Therefore, it is important to understand the nature of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) within aerosols; how aerosols are generated, viral load, how far aerosols could travel and survive under different conditions. Various studies have investigated emissions from infected animals under laboratory conditions, while others have incorporated experimental data in mathematical models to predict and trace outbreaks of FMD. However, much of the existing literature focussing on FMDV in aerosols describe work which was undertaken over 40 years ago. The aim of this review is to revisit existing knowledge and investigate how modern instrumentation and modelling approaches can improve our understanding of airborne transmission of FMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.