ArticleViruses2022
SARS-CoV-2 Envelope (E) Protein Binds and Activates TLR2 Pathway: A Novel Molecular Target for COVID-19 Interventions.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemical characterization of Jing Guan Fang and its application in alleviating coronavirus envelope protein-induced proinflammatory responsesJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- HTRF-based identification of small molecules targeting SARS-CoV-2 E protein interaction with ZO-1 PDZ2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Expression and Activation in COVID-19 and Long COVID: From SARS-CoV-2 Escape Mechanisms to Emerging PRR-Targeted Immunotherapies.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The role of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in innate immune regulation: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Human Alveolar Macrophages Detect SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein Through TLR2 and TLR4 and Secrete Cytokines in Response.Immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan and Omicron Variant Proteins on Type I Interferon Response.Viruses · 2025Article
- TLR2 Activation as a Marker of Severe COVID-19 and a Potential Therapeutic Target.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Cyclophilin-CD147 interaction enables SARS-CoV-2 infection of human monocytes and their activation via Toll-like receptors 7 and 8.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Novel Strategies to Profile SARS-CoV-2 and Human Lung Proteome: Inflammatory Pathways in the Spotlight.BioMed research international · 2025Review
- Natural products alleviate viral pneumonia by modulating inflammatory and oxidative-stress pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins trigger pain via TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Review
- Lung-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticle-Delivered siUSP33 Attenuates SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Virulence by Promoting Envelope Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 E protein interacts with BRD2 and BRD4 SEED domains and alters transcription in a different way than BET inhibition.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Article
- Innate Immunity in Protection and Pathogenesis During Coronavirus Infections and COVID-19.Annual review of immunology · 2024Review
- The IRE1α-XBP1 arm of the unfolded protein response is a host factor activated in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2024Article
- Rapid and Scalable Production of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) by a Stable HEK293 Cell Pool.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This paper presents a molecular characterization of the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein and TLR2. We demonstrated that the E protein, both as a recombinant soluble protein and as a native membrane protein associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, interacts physically with the TLR2 receptor in a specific and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed that the specific interaction with the TLR2 pathway activates the NF-κB transcription factor and stimulates the production of the CXCL8 inflammatory chemokine. In agreement with the importance of NF-κB in the TLR signaling pathway, we showed that the chemical inhibition of this transcription factor leads to significant inhibition of CXCL8 production, while the blockade of the P38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases only results in partial CXCL8 inhibition. Overall, our findings propose the envelope (E) protein as a novel molecular target for COVID-19 interventions: either (i) by exploring the therapeutic effect of anti-E blocking/neutralizing antibodies in symptomatic COVID-19 patients, or (ii) as a promising non-spike SARS-CoV-2 antigen candidate for inclusion in the development of next-generation prophylactic vaccines against COVID-19 infection and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.