ArticleVaccines2022
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Hesitancy in the United States: A Multi-Theory-Model (MTM)-Based National Assessment.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- How well does vaccine literacy predict intention to vaccinate and vaccination status? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Utilization of the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change to explain health behaviors: A systematic review.Health promotion perspectives · 2024Pooled it
- Vaccine Literacy and Vaccination: A Systematic Review.International journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination Refusal and Non-Uptake Among People Living with HIV in the United States.Journal of community health · 2026Review
- Racial Influences, Social Media Usage, and Vaccine Hesitancy: A National Survey Across Vaccine Topics.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The Effects of Multi-Theory Model-Based Behavior Change Intervention with Staircase Approach on Sedentary Lifestyle Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Understanding Vaccine Disparities in the Bronx, New York, Through a Mixed Methods Analysis of Community and Provider Perspectives.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- "I'm Afraid to Put Any More of It Into My Body": COVID-19 Vaccination and Booster Barriers and Facilitators Among People with HIV in South Carolina.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Explaining the Correlates of the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change in Visual (Structural) Colorectal Cancer Screening Examinations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Changes in general and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among U.S. adults from 2021 to 2022.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Global disparities in COVID-19 vaccine booster dose (VBD) acceptance and hesitancy: An updated narrative review.Vaccine: X · 2024Review
- Association between COVID-19 Booster Vaccination and COVID-19 Outcomes among U.S. Adults.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Explaining the Correlates of Eating Outside-of-Home Behavior in a Nationally Representative US Sample Using the Multi-Theory Model of Health Behavior Change: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 intervention policies using a mathematical model: an optimal control approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine literacy: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Article
- Drivers of COVID-19 booster uptake among nurses.American journal of infection control · 2023Article
- Changes in Confidence, Feelings, and Perceived Necessity Concerning COVID-19 Booster.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and the proven benefits of vaccinations outweighing the potential risks, hesitancy to accept vaccines and additional doses remains a persistent problem. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate hesitancy, confidence, literacy, and the role of the multi-theory model (MTM) constructs in COVID-19 booster uptake. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a 52-item psychometric valid web-based survey conducted during the month of October 2021 to recruit a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the booster hesitant group (n = 209, 41.7%), a significantly larger proportion of respondents were unvaccinated with the primary series (43.5% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), were among 18−44 years age group (51.2% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.001), single or never married (33.0% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.04), had lower education with some high school (6.2% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.03), and identified themselves as Republicans (31.6% vs. 20.5%, p = 0.01). The hesitant group had lower mean scores of vaccine literacy, and vaccine confidence, and had 19% lower odds of behavioral confidence than their non-hesitant counterparts (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71−0.92). Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the need of raising public awareness through effective multi-theory-model-based communication campaigns.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.