ReviewVaccines2022
Influenza Viruses and Vaccines: The Role of Vaccine Effectiveness Studies for Evaluation of the Benefits of Influenza Vaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza among older adults living in aged care facilities.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- A bispecific antibody targeting conserved hemagglutinin epitopes confers broad protection against H7 avian influenza and accelerates viral clearance via localized respiratory delivery.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Personal Influenza Vaccination and Willingness to Receive Vaccination in Community Pharmacies Among Pharmacists and Family Physicians in Northwestern Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- A DirectView focus reduction assay for high-throughput quantification of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A and B viruses.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Association Between Immunosuppressive Cell Populations and Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Younger and Older Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Elicitation of stem-directed antibodies in rhesus macaques by a conventional hemagglutinin immunogen.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A VSV-vector vaccine simultaneously targeting H5N1 hemagglutinin and matrix protein 2 induces robust neutralizing and ADCC antibody responses and provides full protection against lethal H5N1 infection in a mouse model.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- The impact of influenza vaccination on the clinical severity of influenza among children aged 6 months to 6 years living in the community: a prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- FluAttn: Antigenicity prediction of influenza A/H3N2 through attention-based feature mining.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Past viral infections can shape inter-individual variability in anti-viral TLR responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Influenza vaccine hesitancy versus uptake in seven Chinese megacities: a cross-sectional survey.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Life Course Vaccination Continuum (LCVAC): An Expert Consensus on Life Course Vaccination in India.Cureus · 2026Review
- Delay, Doubt and Dollars: Exploring Delay and Probability Discounting of Free and Paid HIV Vaccines among Sexual and Gender Minorities.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Boomerang effects of vaccination promotion and the roles of psychological reactance, message fatigue, and social norms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza is a vaccine preventable disease and vaccination remains the most effective method of controlling the morbidity and mortality of seasonal influenza, especially with respect to risk groups. To date, three types of influenza vaccines have been licensed: inactivated, live-attenuated, and recombinant haemagglutinin vaccines. Effectiveness studies allow an assessment of the positive effects of influenza vaccines in the field. The effectiveness of current influenza is suboptimal, being estimated as 40% to 60% when the vaccines strains are antigenically well-matched with the circulating viruses. This review focuses on influenza viruses and vaccines and the role of vaccine effectiveness studies for evaluating the benefits of influenza vaccines. Overall, influenza vaccines are effective against morbidity and mortality in all age and risk groups, especially in young children and older adults. However, the effectiveness is dependent on several factors such as the age of vaccinees, the match between the strain included in the vaccine composition and the circulating virus, egg-adaptations occurring during the production process, and the subject's history of previous vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.