ArticlePolymers2022
Influence of Lignin Content and Pressing Time on Plywood Properties Bonded with Cold-Setting Adhesive Based on Poly (Vinyl Alcohol), Lignin, and Hexamine.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advances and Sustainability Perspectives of Biobased Wood Panel Adhesives: Toward Cleaner and Formaldehyde-Free Wood Products.Polymers · 2026Review
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- Surface Roughness, Dynamic Wettability, and Interphase of Modified Melamine Formaldehyde-Based Adhesives on Jabon Wood.Polymers · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Thermal and Gluing Properties of Phenol-Based Resin with Lignin for Potential Application in Structural Composites.Polymers · 2023Article
- The Potential of Visible Spectroscopy as a Tool for the In-Line Monitoring of Lignin Methylolation.Polymers · 2022Article
- Properties Enhancement of Oil Palm Trunk Plywood against Decay and Termite for Marine Applications.Polymers · 2022Article
- Effects of Blending Tobacco Lignin with HDPE on Thermal and Mechanical Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Quebracho Tannin Bio-Based Adhesives for Plywood.Polymers · 2022Article
- Modification of Ramie Fiber via Impregnation with Low Viscosity Bio-Polyurethane Resins Derived from Lignin.Polymers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The sustainability, performance, and cost of production in the plywood industry depend on wood adhesives and the hot-pressing process. In this study, a cold-setting plywood adhesive was developed based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), high-purity lignin, and hexamine. The influence of lignin content (10%, 15%, and 20%) and cold-pressing time (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) on cohesion, adhesion, and formaldehyde emission of plywood were investigated through physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The increased lignin addition level lowered the solids content, which resulted in reduced average viscosity of the adhesive. As a result, the cohesion strength of the adhesive formulation with 10% lignin addition was greater than those of 15% and 20% lignin content. Markedly, the adhesive formulation containing a 15% lignin addition level exhibited superior thermo-mechanical properties than the blends with 10% and 20% lignin content. This study showed that 10% and 15% lignin content in the adhesive resulted in better cohesion strength than that with 20% lignin content. However, statistical analysis revealed that the addition of 20% lignin in the adhesive and using a cold-pressing time of 24 h could produce plywood that was comparable to the control polyurethane resins, i.e., dry tensile shear strength (TSS) value of 0.95 MPa, modulus of rupture (MOR) ranging from 35.8 MPa, modulus of elasticity (MOE) values varying from 3980 MPa, and close-to-zero formaldehyde emission (FE) of 0.1 mg/L, which meets the strictest emission standards. This study demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating eco-friendly plywood bonded with PVOH-lignin-hexamine-based adhesive using cold pressing as an alternative to conventional plywood.
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