ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Exploring the Relationship between Salivary Levels of TNF-α,
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the dual nature ofFrontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults with dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Salivary microbiome and metabolome profiles associated with dental caries in Tibetan children from high-altitude regions.Odontology · 2026Article
- Obesity and Dental Caries: A State-of-the-Art Review of Shared Risk Factors, Biological Mechanisms and Current Evidence.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Oral health and subclinical vascular changes: a cross-sectional ultrasonographic study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Mapping the ECC-Saliva Neuroimmune Axis Using AI: A System-Level Framework.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring Salivary Biomarkers in Pediatric Obesity: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Secular trends in dental caries in Korean children and adolescents: 2007-2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Obesity and Dental Caries in School Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Study the effect ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Probiotics for oral health: a critical evaluation of bacterial strains.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Obesity and Childhood Dental Caries in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), obesity, and early childhood caries. After caries and obesity diagnosis based on the WHO criteria, 94 preschoolers were assessed. Unstimulated saliva was collected for analysis of TNF-α by the Milliplex system and for L. acidophilus and L. gasseri using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In obese children, each unit increase in the body mass index (BMI), and the TNF-α levels was associated with a one-time increase in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in eutrophic preschoolers, the presence of L. gasseri and L. acidophilus was linked, respectively, to an increase of 3.04 and 1.59 times in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05); in obese children, the presence of L. acidophilus was not significant (p > 0.05) and L. gasseri was shown as a possible protective indicator (RR:0.49−p < 0.05). In conclusion, TNF-α and BMI were connected to carious lesions only in obese preschoolers, suggesting that inflammation could be underscored when both pathologies are concomitant. The presence of both species of lactobacilli investigated was connected with early childhood caries in eutrophic children, whereas in obese children only L. gasseri was significant, and in an opposite way, reinforcing that obesity can modulate oral bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.