Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35630660›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo.

Muhammad Rehan Malik, Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi, Asif Nawaz, Adnan Amin, Arshad Farid, Mohammed Al Mohaini, Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman, Maitham A Al Hawaj, Yousef N Alhashem

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  10. Prospects in the Use ofBiotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2024
    Review
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  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Lomustine's nanoemulsion as nose-to-brain drug delivery system for CNS tumor treatment.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Muhammad Rehan MalikGomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
Fatemah Farraj Al-HarbiCollege of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia.
Asif NawazGomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-3232-0258
Adnan AminGomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.
Arshad FaridGomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-5147-5936
Mohammed Al MohainiBasic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0185-4484
Abdulkhaliq J AlsalmanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
Maitham A Al HawajDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2026-0451
Yousef N AlhashemClinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-4435-3003
Gomal University · PKKing Faisal University · SAKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences · SANorthern Border University · SAPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the present study, chitosan-decorated multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) was formulated using a two-step emulsification process. The formulated multiple nanoemuslion was evaluated physiochemically for its size and zeta potential, surface morphology, creaming and cracking, viscosity and pH. A Franz diffusion cell apparatus was used to carry out in vitro drug-release and permeation studies. The formulated nanoemulsion showed uniform droplet size and zeta potential. The pH and viscosity of the formulated emulsion were in the range of and suitable for topical delivery. The drug contents of the simple nanoemulsion (SNE), the chitosan-decorated nanoemulsion (CNE) and the MNE were 71 ± 2%, 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 2%, respectively. The formulated MNE showed controlled release of itraconazole as compared with that of the SNE and CNE. This was attributed to the chitosan decoration as well as to formulating multiple emulsions. The significant permeation and skin drug retention profile of the MNE were attributed to using the surfactants tween 80 and span 20 and the co-surfactant PEG 400. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the MNE mainly affects the lipids and proteins of the skin, particularly the

Indexed as

ChitosanAdministration, CutaneousEmulsionsSkinSkin AbsorptionSurface-Active AgentsChitosanEmulsionsSurface-Active Agentschitosanitraconazolemultiple nanoemulsiontopical delivery

Identifiers

PMID35630660
PMCPMC9144098
OpenAlexW4280648481

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.