ReviewMicroorganisms2022
SARS CoV-2-Induced Viral Sepsis: The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction.
Review in Microorganisms, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Synergistic impact of nutritional risk, glycemic control, and systemic inflammation on Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in diabetic patients following complex ventral hernia repair: a development and validation study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Alterations in Gut Microbiota and their Association with Colonic Permeability and Inflammation in LPS-induced Sepsis Mice.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Impairment of Esophageal Barrier Integrity: New Insights into Esophageal Symptoms in Post-COVID-19.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Blood Transcriptome Profiling Highlights the Role of Intestinal Bacterial Translocation in Severe COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Increase of VEGF and Fibronectin expression and ultrastructural alterations of intercellular junctions in a swab negative patient after SARS-COV-2 infection.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Intestinal barrier compromise, viral persistence, and immune dysregulation converge on neurological sequelae in Long COVID.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Identification of Biomarkers for Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury Through Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Approaches, with Experimental Validation.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Targeting the immuno-inflammatory-microbial network: a key strategy for sepsis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- AI-driven multi-omics profiling of sepsis immunity in the digestive system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- LBP and iFABP mismatch in the evaluation of intestinal barrier dysfunction due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Observational
- Viral sepsis: diagnosis, clinical features, pathogenesis, and clinical considerations.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Interaction between ischemia-reperfusion injury and intestinal microecology in organ transplantation and its therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Progress in the study of the correlation between sepsis and intestinal microecology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Blood circulating bacterial DNA in hospitalized old COVID-19 patients.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis: A Clinically Focused Overview.Cells · 2023Review
- More than a key-the pathological roles of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 related cardiac injury.Sports medicine and health science · 2023Review
- Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a key driver of severe COVID-19.World journal of virology · 2023Review
- COVID-19 Heart Lesions in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic and Immunological Changes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Causal influences of osteoarthritis on COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A considerable proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 meet Sepsis-3 criteria and share common pathophysiological mechanisms of multiorgan injury with bacterial sepsis, in absence of secondary bacterial infections, a process characterized as "viral sepsis". The intestinal barrier exerts a central role in the pathophysiological sequence of events that lead from SARS-CoV-2 infection to severe systemic complications. Accumulating evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of the biological, mechanical and immunological gut barrier. Specifically, microbiota diversity and beneficial bacteria population are reduced, concurrently with overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis). Enterocytes' tight junctions (TJs) are disrupted, and the apoptotic death of intestinal epithelial cells is increased leading to increased gut permeability. In addition, mucosal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages are activated, and T-regulatory cells are decreased, thus promoting an overactivated immune response, which further injures the intestinal epithelium. This dysfunctional gut barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection permits the escape of luminal bacteria, fungi and endotoxin to normally sterile extraintestinal sites and the systemic circulation. Pre-existing gut barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia in patients with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and immunosuppression predisposes to aggravated endotoxemia. Bacterial and endotoxin translocation promote the systemic inflammation and immune activation, which characterize the SARS-CoV-2 induced "viral sepsis" syndrome associated with multisystemic complications of severe COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.